342 ANNUAL REPORT 



times iD spring before gathering first crop. Mr. Harris had lost 

 his crop when the ground was hoed just before a frost. On Thurs- 

 day, Mr. A. L. Hatch read an essay on "Making it pay on a Wiscon- 

 sin fruit farm." Said young trees did not need manure but good 

 deep thorough cultivation. Pruning should be done after a mild 

 winter in March or April. High ground was best for an orchard 

 site. He recommended the Duchess and McMahon White as best 

 but said that for the first ten years, with Duchess at 25 cents and 

 McMahon at 50 cents per bushel the Duchess would beat the other 

 2 to 1. Had fruited the McMahon's white several years. His 

 orchard is on the summit of a hill 300 or 400 feet high, and said it 

 was not so cold or windy there as in a valley. Says the Fameuse 

 pays him well. Had sold $2,500 worth of apples in the two last 

 years. 



Prof. Goff gave his results in using insecticides for scab on 

 apples. Had proved that 1 oz. Carbonate of Copper and 1 qt. of 

 Ammonia diluted with 100 parts of water, used as a spray on the 

 apple trees, after the bloom had fallen, and repeated every fourteen 

 days, had made three-fourths of the fruit first-class, and only two 

 bushels in 100 were worthless; while on trees not sprayed, only 23 

 per cent, was first-class, and 25 per cent, was worthless. Nearly 

 all the poor fruit on the sprayed trees was second-class. Spraying 

 for codling moth would not exceed ten cents per tree, and for both 

 moth and scab not to exceed fifteen cents ; used London Purple to 

 kill codling moth — 1 lb, to 200 gallons water ; recommended two 

 applications. The first as soon as the petals were fallen and again 

 in fourteen days. If heavy rains followed the first application he 

 would repeat after them. He would not apply it during hot sun- 

 shine. Where spraying had been practiced for eight years in New 

 York, the codling moth became less and less. 



Mr. D. C. Converse read a paper on small fruits, recommended 

 planting raspberries 4| feet apart each way, and blackberries 3^ 

 by 8. Sir. Root, of Ohio, transplanted strawberries, earth and all, 

 by the use of tin tubes made as follows: A sheet of tin six inches 

 wide and eight or nine inches long, with the ends brought together 

 and a string tied around it ; shove the tube down over the plant to 

 the depth required to get the 'roots. To get the tubes out after 

 setting them in the ground, he used enough water so that by mov- 

 ing the tube first to one side then to the other the earth slipped 

 out, leaving the plant with the right amount of water to keep it 

 from wilting in a dry time. 



Mr. Adams raised strawberries for 3 to 3| cents per quart ; hoed 

 them from seven to nine times the first year. Only big crops paid. 



A very interesting and instructive paper on " Tree planting and 

 Arbor Day Celebrations," was read by Hon. J. B. Peaslee, of Cin- 

 cinnati, Ohio. Referring to Germany as one of the foremost 

 nations in tree planting, he said their motto was that, " Whatever 

 is desirable to have appear in public life must first appear in the 

 public schools." He gave a history of his early efforts in having 

 all the schools in Cincinnati engage in tree planting on Arbor Day, 

 and said the results were very beneficial and gratifying. He spoke 



