PUTNAM ON PULVINARIA INNUMERABILIS. 301 



conical protuberances from each of wliich arises a long slender filament. 

 Tlie integument is of a pale yellow color, and quite transparent, showing 

 with distinctness such of the internal organs as are not themselves trans- 

 parent. It is soft and flexible, but quite tenacious, and when very highly 

 magnified it is seen to be finely striated, thestrine being approximately par- 

 allel with the sutures between the segments. Thirteen segments can be 

 distinguished, namely : one to the head, three to the thorax, and nine to 

 the abdomen. These are all closely united and the divisions are not al- 

 ways easy to see, and do not appear to extend into the internal cavity 

 at all. Tlie head and thorax together slightly exceed the abdomen in 

 length. 



The head is deeply sunk in the prothorax, and very greatly flattened 

 with the portion corresponding to the front of other Hoinoptera turned 

 completely under so that appears as if it were a part of the ventral sur- 

 face, while in reality it is tergal. The upper surface, or epicranium, is 

 somewhat transversely and irregularly lozenge-shaped, with the anterior 

 margin regularly curved, while the posterior margin is slightly pro- 

 longed, and the lateral angles siiglitly acute, or nearly right-angles. It 

 is one-fifth broader than long, and occupies one-fourth of the entire 

 length of the insect. On the anterior margin are six or eight slender 

 spines each directed away from the center, and near the lateral angles 

 are the two eyes. 



Beneath, the head is divided into three distinct parts, which for conve- 

 nience may be designated the front, the cli/peus, and the labium {or men- 

 turn). Of tliese the fro)tt and clppeus belong strictly to the tergal region, 

 and only the labium is truly ventral. 



The front is of nearly similar form and dimensions to the epicranium, 

 but is more prolonged posteriorly towards the dypeus from which it is 

 separated by a transverse suture connecting the sutures which separate 

 the head from tlie thorax. It supports the antennae and the eyes, and 

 marginal spines appear to belong as much to the front as to the epi- 

 •cranium. 



The dypeus is a little longer than wide, of a somewhat triangular 

 form with the anterior margin nearly straight, and the sides strongly 

 convex. It is possible that this part might be more properly desig- 

 nated as labrum. Witiiin it is situated the rather complicated frame- 

 work which supports the buccal setaa. Viewed in its relation to the in- 

 terior frame-work, it appears to correspond very nearly vvith the area 

 inferior of Dr. Mark. 



The labium, or beak, consists of a single joint which appears to be 

 formed by the sides of the labium being turned forwards and the)i in- 

 wards, becoming united to form a flattened conical sheath through which 

 the buccal setiB are eventually thrust. Its structure is in fact very sim- 

 ilar to that of the beak of a Cicada, only the proportions are ditferent 

 Its external surface is nearly circular, but truncated on the anterior side . 

 and therefore somewliat broader than long. 



The eyes, two in number, are situated on the margin at the extreme 

 outer angles of the head, and are equally visible from above or below. 



[Proc, D. A. N. S., Vol, II.] 40 [Dec- 1879.] 



