PTTTNAM ON PULVINARIA INNUMEKABILIS. 809 



highly magnified they exhibit a spiral structure, and their position in 

 the developing pupa corresponds precisely to that of the spirally coiled 

 set* in the earlier stage of tlie larva, and in the female. I do not feel 

 quite ready to assert that the setae are converted into eyes (two to each), 

 as it is possible that the spiral structure mentioned may be superim- 

 posed upon and yet distinct from the eye. The two ventral and the two 

 large dorsal eyes are similar in size and appearance, both pairs are very 

 convex, smooth, shining, dark reddish brown, nearly black, and so far 

 as i can discover they are simple. The small dorsal ocelhe are about 

 one third as large and much darker in color. 



The antenncei^g. o3a) are inserted upon tubercles just below the frontal 

 apex and are ten jointed. The first joint is short and thick, the second 

 large and globular, the third small and triangular, the fourth longest, 

 the fifth to ninth progressively decreasing in length, the tenth a little 

 Idnger than the preceding. The third to tenth joints have a somewhat 

 irregular surface, and are very nearly equal in diameter, though the last 

 three are a little thicker. All the joints are thickly furnished with slen- 

 der hairs, longer than the diameter of the joints. The tenth joint, in 

 addition, is furnished with three knobbed hairs rather longer than the 

 joint, and with three plain curved hairs, without knobs, about twice the 

 length of the joint. 



The thorax is large and somewhat irregularly lozenge-shaped in form 

 with the angles rounded. It is distinctly separated from both the head 

 and the abdomen, though most closely connected with the latter. The 

 dorsal surface of the thorax is divided into a number of distinct pieces. 

 Three of these parts are particularly noticeable, and appear to offer by 

 their form more or less good specific characters. The most anterior of 

 these, probably the scutum of the prothorax, is of an irregular oval form 

 with the front margin very convex and tiie posterior margin sliglitly 

 concave, smooth, polished, and moderately dark brown in color. It is 

 large and prominent and projects over the neck, giving a hump-backed 

 appearance to the insect when viewed from the side. This piece is fol- 

 lowed at an interval by a strongly arched transverse quadrilateral piece, 

 called the apodema by Targioni-Tozzetti and which appears to cor- 

 respond to the prominent transverse band in Cicada. It is about 

 three times as broad as long, with the sides slightly flexuous and 

 parallel, of a polished dark brown color, and is very prominent- 

 The apodema and proscutum are connected at their nearest outer angles 

 by sinuous convex, narrow, dark brown bands, and both are divided 

 longitudinally into two halves. If we may judge from the males of sev- 

 eral species of Aspidiotus, the form and proportions of the apodema will 

 probably be of service in distinguishing tiie males of the different spe- 

 cies of Pulvinaria, Immediately following the apodema is the scutellum, 

 a very large convex, somewhat triangular shaped piece, which pro- 

 jects over the first and second abdominal segments. The sides of the 

 thorax are considerably bulged out in the center, and are made up of 

 a, number of pieces which I have not studied with care. The anterior 



iProc. D. A. N. S., Vol. II. J 41 [Dec- 187ft.] 



