]PtrtNAM ON PULVINARIA INNlJMEEABILlS. 311 



Hre shortest and directed forward and inward; those of the four poster 

 rior legs are alike, a little longer than the anterior coxte, and are di- 

 rected backward and outward. The coxae are all quite large and stout. 

 The trochanter is tolerably long and slender, and is closely and immov- 

 ubly united to the femur. The femur is twice as long as the trochanter 

 and is stouter. The tibia is a fifth longer than the femur and trochanter 

 combined, is more slender, and is furnished on the inside with about 

 six i)airs of rigid spines, of which those at the extremity are largest and 

 most prominent. The tarsus is about one-third the length of the tibia 

 and tapers toward the extremity where it is terminated by a short 

 movable claw* with an enlarged base, and by four digitules or knobbed 

 hairs, — the two longer of which are attached to the outside of the tarsus 

 near the tip, and the two shorter to the enlarged portion of the claw. 

 Both extend a very short distance beyond the tip of the claw. 



The abdomen is longer and more slender than the thorax and, like that 

 of the larva, is composed of nine segments. The integument is soft and 

 yielding and capable of considerable expansion and contraction. The 

 color is normally pale ochreous, but the integument being somewhat 

 transparent it is modified by the color of the internal contents of the ab- 

 domen—giving it a grayish hue. The whole abdomen is sparsely fur- 

 nished with fine short hairs. The first six segments are similar in form 

 and simple in structure, each presenting a nearly circular section. They 

 become successively smaller from before backwards. In mounted spe- 

 cimens it is often difficult to see the divisions of the segments, but in 

 the living insect they are plain enough. 



The seventh segment is modified by being prolonged at the sides back- 

 ward into two rather long conical processes. These decrease by steps 

 and are furnislied with a number of spiny hairs at the tips. They ai'e 

 developed from the lobes of the seventh segment of the larva, and cor- 

 respond to the lobes of tiie female which inclose and form the ''anal 

 fissure." 



The eighth segment, as in the larva and female, is very small and lies 

 between the bases of the conical projections. It is furnished with two 

 small tubercles, one on each side of the base of the penis, from each of 

 which arise about two long spines. These secrete two waxen filaments, 

 or rather bundles of filaments united together, of the purest white. 

 These filaments often attain a length greater than the entire length of 

 the insect, and their presence is a sure sign that their bearer has attained 

 his majority. They appear to grow continuously during the life of the 

 insect and if broken off still continue to grow. They dissolve readily in 

 turpentine, etc., and in reality form no part of the insect, being simply 

 a secretion. 



From the ninth segment is formed the penis, and its enlarged base is 

 generally kept slightly within the eighth segment. The penis is in the 

 form of a long slender conical style, curved downward and tapering to 

 •a rounded point at the end. It is composed of two dark brown horny 



* Miss Smith says "two claws," Which is certainly au error. — loc. cit. 



