324 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 



vitelligenous cells, lie in the ovary.* Permeating through all parts of 

 the ovary are numerous tracliece, one branch appears to extend to every 

 cluster of ovicapsules, of which there are several hundreds in each 

 ovary. 



This general account of the female generative organs is derived 

 from observations made at various stages of their development. At the 

 period now under consideration, the time of the appearance of the males, 

 the walls of the vagina and spermatheca are very soft and tender, and I 

 have not observed tfie ovicapsules at all. In October, (fig. 1) six weeks 

 later, the walls are firmer, the ovicapsules are present but very small ; 

 the oviducts are exceedingly slender, and I have not up to this time seen 

 the vaginal glands, though it does not necessarily follow that they are 

 absent. In May, (fig. 47) three or four weeks before the first eggs are 

 laid, the vagina is much enlarged both in length and breadth; the ovi- 

 ducts are larger, but still not large enough for the passage of the eggs, 

 the vaginal glands, muscles, nerves, etc., are fully developed as des- 

 cribed, and the more advanced ovicapsules are nearly full grown. At 

 the time of laying the eggs the oviducts are much enlarged so as to al- 

 low the easy passage of one egg at a time. 



Habits. — The females at the time of the appearance of the males are 

 still in a quiescent state on the leaves (fig. 37), or rarely in some cases on 

 the twigs, in which condition they remain until fall. 



THE FEMALE IN WINTER. 



Soon after the disappearance of the males, the bright red markings of 

 the females become gradually changed to a deep dark brown which soon 

 comes to occupy nearly the whole surface, making the general color ap- 

 pear to be dark brown. They grow a very little in size, but become 

 more elevated, the carina higher and more prominent, and the dorsal 

 layer of wax thicker and more cracked. 



When the sap ceases to flow into the leaves, which in this locality 

 takes place in October, they withdraw their buccal setse so that they 

 form a loop in the crumina vv'ithin the body cavity, and migrate to the 

 twigs where they again insert their beaks. They settle on the twigs 

 with their heads indifferently up or down, or veiy rarely side ways, and 

 are often closely crowded together completely covering the twig, (fig. 38) 

 but generally they prefer the underside. As soon as the sap ceases to 

 flow in the twigs they enter into a state of complete torpidity, and show 

 no signs of life or development until the sap again begins to flow in 

 April of the following spring. 



THE FEMALE IN SPRING, 



As soon as warm weather sets in the ova begin to develop with great 

 rapidity, causing the body to become distended to fully three times its 

 former dimensions This distention takes place more or less in all parts 



*1 feel quite certain of this in my own mind, bnt Dr. Mark seems also quite certain tiiatthe 

 egg follicles are directed outward from the oviducts with the free ends lying in the body cavity. 

 This would make it necessary forrhc fully developed egg to pass through the narrow neck-like 

 base of the capsule in order to reach the oviduct, which is directly contrary to my observations 



