PUTNAM ON PULVINARIA INJfUMERABILIS. 341 



In Harris's Insects Injurious to Vegetation (new edition, page 252), is 

 a general allusion to bark-lice which bed their eggs in a considerable 

 qviantity of down, accompanied with a very good figure of a true Pulvi- 

 naria, but without mentioning any particular species. This figure is 

 copied by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., into the American Nattiralist, Vol. I, 

 page 223, where it is said to be " the Coccus adonidum on the peach." 

 This name is certainly an error, for it bears but little resemblance to 

 that species. I have seen no other reference to a Pulvinaria on the 

 peach. 



The above are all the references to American species of Ptdvinaria 

 which I have been able to find to this date. The nearly related genus 

 Lecanium, from Avhich Ptdvinaria has been separated, contains a much 

 larger number of species, none of which have yet been well studied in 

 this country. 



FINAL REMARKS. 



My study of this insect commenced in 1871 with simply the idea 

 of finding out all that could be known concerning it, and in this paper I 

 have attempted to put in writing what I have learned up to this time. 

 After four years of careful study of this one insect, I am still far 

 from realizing the ideal with which I started out. The amount that can 

 be learned from one insect appears to be infinite, and to this day I never 

 look at an inmtmerabilis without learning something new. I publish 

 this paper now in its imperfect state, becau se, Jlrst, it has long been 

 promised, and, second, I wish to give my attention to some other inves- 

 tigations already commenced. I have doubtless fallen into some errors, 

 which it will give me great pleasure to have corrected by those 

 who are able and willing. I have labored under great disadvan- 

 tage in having access to but very little of the literature relating to 

 the embryology and development of insects. I have, however, derived 

 some help in this matter from Huxley's Anatomy of Invertebrated An- 

 imals, Burnett's Siebold's Anatomy of the Invertebrata, Burraeister's 

 Manual of Entomology, Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects, and 

 several other general and special works. I have also received consid- 

 erable assistance from Dr. E. L. Mark who, besides sending me a copy 

 of his " Beitrage zur Anatomic and Histologie der Pflanzenliiuse,'' has in 

 the course of several letters given me a large amount of information 

 upon the present knowledge of the development and embryology of the 

 insects most nearly related to the one I have studied. 



Dr. V. Signoret has placed me under great obligations by the commu- 

 nication of a copy of his valuable " Essai sur les Cochenilles," and for 

 several letters on the nomenclature and anatomy of this and other 

 coccids. 1 am also indebted to Mr. C. V. Eiley for the communication 

 of numerous notes on this species, for the loan of such specimens of 

 allied species as were contained in his collection, and especially for the 

 loan of a copy of Dr. Rathvon's paper in which innumerabilis was first 

 described; to Dr. S. S. Rathvon of Lancaster, Pa., for several valuable 

 letters regarding his original observations on this species ; to Dr. Joseph 



[Proc D, A. N. S., Vol. II.] 45 [Jan. 1880 J 



