PARASITES OF MAN. 57 



PARASITES OF :\IAN 



BY T. SPENCER COBBOLD, M.D., F.R.S. 



I feel sure I need not apologise for bringing under the notice of 

 workers in Science a list of tlie human Entozoa and Ectozoa. No 

 complete and trustworthy record, brought down to the present time, exists. 

 In view of rendering my list less bald than a mere catalogue of species 

 would inevitably prove, I shall append a few particulars relating to the 

 synonymy of each parasite, its larval condition, and the organ or tissue 

 of the host it usually occupies. Omitting the Protozoa, I confine 

 my attention to the following six parasitic groups : — 1. Trematoda ; Flukes. 

 2. Cestoda ; Tapeworms. 3. Nematoda ; Roundworms and Threadworms. 

 4. Acanthocephala ; Thorn-headed worms. 5. Insecta ; including aU such 

 dipterous, aphanipterous, and hemipterous insects as are either wholly 

 or partially parasitic. 6. Arachnida; including all those trachearian 

 forms, such as the mites and their allies, which are often vulgarly and 

 erroneously termed scab, or itch-insects. Such is the bill of fare that I 

 have now to offer, and, should it be found presentable and useful, it is 

 proposed to follow it iip at some future time by the pubUcation of similar 

 lists relating to the parasites of the horse and other domesticated 

 animals. 



As I cannot have the pleasure of reading these papers personally 

 to the Section, and as I am desirous of making them as generally 

 interesting to the members as the subject will permit, I have requested 

 my friend, Mr. W. R. Hughes, to communicate the papers, and to exliibit 

 some specimens t on my behalf. The slides and preparations from 

 my cabinet will be chiefly illustrative of the more remarkable forms 

 of Entozoa enumerated in the lists. 



Teematoda. 

 l.—Fasciola hepatica, Linnaeus. -r. -i i r,, 



Sj-nonymy. — Distoina /tejjaf tcwm, Retzius and Ramdohr; Planaria, 



CtOGZS 



Larval state.— An armed Ceroaria ; not yet distinguished. Free 



ciliated embrvo conical. 

 Intermediate Host.— Not known. Probably a fresh water snail. 

 Remarks.— The common liver fluke of Ruminants has been found 



at least fifteen times in the human body. 

 Literatm-e.— All standard works on Helminthology (Leuckart, 



Davaine, Kiichenmeister, Dujardin, Cobbold.) 



2. — Distomalanceolaium, Mehlis. -rx • -i- 



Syn.— D. hepaticum, Zeder and Rudolphi ; Dicrocceliiim, Dujardm 



and Weinland ; Fasciola, Bloch; Planaria, Goeze. 

 Larvaj.— Cercaria, form unknown. Free ciliated embryo globular. 

 Int. Host.— Not known. Probably a fresh water snail. 



* Read before the Microscopical Section of the Birmingham Natural History 

 and Microscopical Society, February 19th, 1878. 



+ The specimens exhibited were, the common fluke, (F. hepatica ) the la^ncet- 

 shapedflukeStoic^olnt^^mJ the large human fluke, (B. erassum,) the Chmese 

 orMcConneli's fluke, (D.sinense,) the conjoined fluke ru. conjunM,} the minute 

 Egyptian fluke, CD. heteropTiyes,) and Bilharz's fluke (B. hceinatobia.) 



