98 PARASITES OF MAN, 



Bemarks. — This cestode, often called the beef tapeworm, is miich 

 more prevalent than the pork tapeworm. Taking all classes of 

 infested persons together it probably occiu's in about ninety per 

 cent. Of the cases of tapeworm coming under my o^ti observ- 

 ation not less than ninety-sis per cent, have been of this species. 



Experiments on Animals. — The larvae have been reared in cattle 

 by Leuckart, Mosler, Cobbold and Simonds, Probstmayer, Zum, 

 St. Cnt, PeiToncito, and M.M. Masse and Pom-quier. The 

 measles are usually found in the voluntary muscles in the beast 

 and in the connective tissues. I have, however, twice found 

 them in the liver and once in the lungs. 



Experiments on Man. — Dr. Oliver reared the adult tapeworm in a 

 Mahommedan Syce and in a Hindoo boy. Professor Perroncito 

 recently persuaded Dr. Eagui, Mr. Gemelli, and others of his 

 pupils to swallow beef -measles which had been subjected to 

 varving degrees of temperature (4.5° — 47° C.) One of the 

 students thus reared a matm-e Taenia within himself in fifty- 

 four days. 



Literature. — Standard works ; especially that of Leuckart. See also 

 Cobbold; Tapeworms, (3rd edit.,) 1874. Pen-oncito ; Experamenti, 

 &c.,Lo Studente Vet., (Parma, 1876, p. 140,) and various papers in 

 The Veterinarian, (July and December, 1877.) Masse et 

 Pouquier in MontpeUier Med, Journal Mensuel de Medicine, 

 1876. See also Heller, (quoted below.) 



14. — Tfcnia solium, Linnaeus. 



Syn. — T. cucurbitina, Pallas; T. humana armata, Brera; T. lata, 

 Pruner; T. vulgaris, Werner. 



Larva. — Simple scolex ; familiarly known as the pork-measle, 

 ( Cyxticercua celluloacE of authors.) 



Int. Host. — The Hog, (Sus scrofa,) both in the vidld and domesti- 

 cated state. As this measle also develops within the human 

 body, man may himself become an intermediate beai'er, and, by 

 an act of cannibalism on the part of another man, prove a 

 source of tapeworm-infection. 



Eemarks. — This cestode, though usually regarded aa the common 

 tapewoiTn, is comparatively rare in England. It is chietiy found 

 amongst the poor, who are large consumers of pork which is 

 often imperfectly cooked. In Iceland the pork tapeworm is 

 rather more common than the beef tapeworm. 



Experiments. — Pork-measles have been reared in the pig by Van 

 Beneden, Haubner, Kiichenmeister, Leuckart, Gerlach, and 

 others. Kiichenmeister likewise reared both mature and immat- 

 iire Taenia) of this species in condemned criminals. Under 

 Leuckart "s auspices, several young persons voluntarily allowed 

 themselves to become infested by swallowing fresh and hving 

 pork-measles. 



Lit. — The works of Leuckart and Kiichenmeister ; and also, more 

 particularly. Heller's Darmschmarotzer, in Von Ziemssen's 

 Handbuch, (Bd. VII., s. 601,) and in the Anglo-American Edit. 

 Davaine, Les Cestoides, in Dictionnaire Encvclop. des Sciences 

 Med. (New Edit.) 



15, — Ttrnin tencUa, Cobbold, 



Byn. — None ; but Pnmer gave the title f T. tencUa) to a worm, 



which was probably T. solium. 

 Lai-va. — At present unknown, but conjectured to be the mutton- 



measle, (Cijsticercus or/.s, Cobbold.) 

 Int. Host. — Probably the Sheep, (Ovis nriet,) which is occasionally 



infested by anned Cysticerci. 



