PARASITES OF MAN, 119 



it is generally understood that the ova of the Scleroleptidota can 

 effectually resist the action of ice and fi-ost. As to the limited powers of 

 resistance to heat possessed by Cysticerci we are now well informed, but 

 I can do little more in this place than refer to Professor Perroncito's 

 experiments and to the enquiries of Lewis, Tommasi, Pellizzari, 

 Giacomini, myself, and others, as set forth in a series of articles 

 published in the London Medical Eecord for 1874. Professor Pellizzari 

 found that measles died at a temperature of 60° centigrade, (i.e., 140 Fahr.) 

 According to Lewis, exposure of the parasites for five minutes to the same 

 degree of heat, or even to 135° Fahr., renders the life of these parasites 

 absolutely extinct. 



Cestoda Continued. 



21. — Bothnoceplialus latus, Bremser. 



Synonymy. — Tcenia lata, Luin ; T. grisea, Pallas ; Dibothrium latum, 

 Diesing. 



Intermediate Host. — The higher larvas are supposed to reside in 

 fishes, especially salmon and trout. According to Dr. Fock, of 

 Utrecht, the bleak (which is much eaten by Jews in Holland, 

 who suffer from this tapeworm) is probably the intermediate 

 bearer. 



Larva. — Scolex unknown ; Proscolex, or six-hooked embryo, fur- 

 nished with long and closely-set cilia. 



Remarks. — This worm is abundant in Switzerland, Eussia, 

 Sweden, and the north-east of Germany. It occasionally 

 occm-s in Ireland, but very rarely in England. 



Experiments. — All attempts to rear this worm have failed, 

 although Dr. Knoch, of St. Petersburg, supposed he had suc- 

 ceeded by the administration of the eggs to dogs. 



Literatm'e. — Leuckart (1. c.) ; Heller (1. c.) ; Knoch, Die Naturge- 

 schichte des breiteu Baudwiu-ms, 1862 ; Sommer and Landois, 

 Beitrage zur Anat., &c., in Sieb. and Koll. Zeitschrift, 1872; 

 Botcher, in Virchow's Archiv, 18G4. 



22. — Botlirioceplialus cordatus, Leuckart. 



Syn. — T. vulgaris, Linn., Pallas. 



Larva. — Unknown . 



Int. Host. — Probably marine fishes. 



Eemarks. — This species is about a foot in length and is very 

 abundant in the dogs of North Greenland. It occasionally 

 infests man. The head is somewhat heart-shaped, and set on to 

 the strobile without any neck or narrow segmentation inter- 

 vening. 



Lit.— Leuckart, Die mensch. Par., Bd. I., s. 438, 1863. 



28, — Bothrioceplialus cristatus, Davaine. 



Syn. — None. 



Larva. — Unknown. 



Eemarks. — This species is of moderate length, (8ft. to 10ft.,) and 

 comparatively narrow. It is distinguished by the presence of a 

 crest-like rostellum. It has twice been found in France. The 

 Westminster Hospital Museum contains some tapeworms 

 probably referable to this species. 



Lit.— Davaine, " Les Cestoides," Dictionnaire Encyclopedique 

 des Sciences Medicales, (p. 589,) 1874. 



Although the last-named species closes the list of human tapeworms, 

 properly so called, yet no record of the Cestodes of man can be considered 



