PARASITES OF MAX. 211 



Experiments. — These are of two kinds, as referring either to the 

 larvae or to the fall-grown wonn. The larvae were first reared 

 by Herbst (1850) and the adult wonns by Yirchow (18.59.) 

 These results were subsequently verified and extended by 

 Leuckart, Claus, Kiichenmeister, Pagenstecher, and many others 

 abroad ; and they were confirmed by Thudichuna and myself in 

 this country. The worm-feedings administered by Prof. 

 Simonds and myself infected foior dogs, two cats, one pig, one 

 guinea pig, one hedgehog, and probably several rats which, 

 unfortunately, made their escape. 



Kemarks.— The original discovery of the capsules, as "httle 

 bodies " or " concretions," was made either by Tiedemann, (1822,) 

 or by Peacock (1828.) Their parasitic character was fu-st 

 indicated by HUton (1833.) The actual discovery of the worm 

 was first made by Paget, (1834,) and afterwards scientifically 

 named and described by Owen (183.5.) The most brilhant 

 discovery of all was that of Zenker (18G0.) He it was who 

 demonstrated that migrating Trichinae were productive of 

 disease (Trichinosis.) Finally, the most complete account of 

 the migrations and structural changes undergone by the wonn 

 are due to Leuckart. 



Literature. — Althaus, Essay on Trichinosis, 1864 ; Boehler, Die 

 Trichinenkrankheit in Plauen, 1863; Gerlach, Die Trichinen, 

 1866 ; Cobbold, On the History of the Discovery of Trichina 

 »piralis\D. Supp. to " Entozoa," 1869 ; Idem, Experiments, Pro- 

 ceedings Linn. Soc, 1867 ; Leuckart, Untersuchungen ueber 

 T. spirali.-i, 1866 ; Luschka, Zeitschrift fiir Wissensch. Zool., 

 1851 ; Owen, in Zool. Soc. Trans. 1835 ; Pagenstecher (and 

 Fuchs.) Die Trichinen, 1865 ; Thudichum, Government Report 

 " On Parasitic Diseases," &c., 1865 ; Virchow, Darstellung der 

 Lehre von den Trichinen (u. s. w.,) 1864; Zenker, Zur Lehre 

 von der Trichinenkrankheit, in Deutsches Archiv f. Klin . Med., 

 Bd. VLU., and in Yirchow's Ai-chiv., 1855. 



26. — Trichoceplialus dlspar, Eudolphi. 



SjTi. — T. hommis, Groeze; Tncliuris, Buttner ; Ascaris trichiura, 

 Linn. 



Larvae. — Kiichenmeister and Meissner supposed that Trichinae 

 were the young of Trichocephalus. This ■view was controverted 

 by Virchow. 



Int. Host. — Unknown. The experiments of Davaine render 

 it probable that infection takes place in a direct manner some 

 time after the eggs have escaped the hnman bearer. 



Experiments. — Davaine finds that dryness does not destroy the 

 ova, and that a period of six months elapses before embryonic 

 formation conmaences. The embrj"03 will live for many years in 

 the freed eggs. 



Remarks. — The Dubhn helminthologist, BeUingham, was one of 

 the earhest to attest the frequency of the whipworm in Great 

 Britain. He foimd it in eighty-one out of ninety pjost mortem 

 examinations. Davaine has stated that not less than half the 

 Parisians are -victimised by this wonn. Sir. Cooper, of Green- 

 wich, found it present in eleven out of .sixteen autopsies. Either 

 this worm or its congener (infesting ruminants) has been anatom- 

 ised by Dujardin, von Siebold, Mayer, Eberth, Erasmus 

 Wilson, Busk, Bastian, and myself. 



Lit. — Bastian, in PhUos. Trans., 1866 ; BeUingham, in Dublin 

 Journal, 1838; Busk, in Annals Nat. Hist., 1841; Cobbold, in 



