212 P.MIASITES OF MAN. 



Linn. Trans., 1859 ; Eberth, in Sieb., and KoU, Zeitsclir., 1860; 

 Mayer, ibid, 1858-60; Siebold, in Wiegm. Archiv., 1845; Wilson, 

 E., in The Veterinary Kecord and Transactions, 18-16. 



27. — Filaria Bancrofti, Cobbold. 



Syn. — Filaria sanguinis hominis, Lewis; F. Wiichereri, Cobbold, 

 (conditionally ;) Filariose derma themica, O'Neill ; Filaris sanguinis, 

 Bancroft; Trichina cystica, Salisbury. 



Larvae. — The S5Tionymfi above given all originally referred to the 

 embi-yonic condition ; but the embryos have also been 

 described as nematoid hEcmatozoa, micro-lilarise, hasmato- 

 chylous hehninths, (Corre,) worms of Guadeloupe, (Crevaux,) 

 worms of Brazil, (Wiicherer,) probably embryos of Stronglida?, 

 Leuckart,) anguillula-like microscopic nematodes (Sousino.) 



Int. Host. — Dr. Bancroft originally suggested and Dr. Manson 

 actually discovered that the hsematozoal micro-lilariiE were 

 passively transferred to the stomach of mosquitoes. Dr. Manson 

 has described the transformations undergone by the larvae within 

 these insects. 



Experiments. — Dr. Manson induced an infected Chinese to sleep 

 in a mosquito-house, and thus procured on the follovdng 

 morning a number of mosquitoes that had goi-ged themselves 

 with blood containing human filariae. A relatively far greater 

 proportion of haematozoa existed in a di-op of the insucked blood 

 taken from the mosquito than in a di'op taken from the Chinese 

 in a direct manner. The construction of the proboscis of the 

 female mosquito seems to be especially adapted for drawing the 

 worms out of the capillary bloodvessels. 



Kemarks. — There is every reason to believe that the microscopic 

 ha3matozoa of man are capable of producing a variety of 

 diseases, some of which are endemic. In this category must be 

 placed certain forms of ha^maturia, chyluria, varix, elephantiasis, 

 and other lymphoid affections, and likewise the African 

 cutaneous disorder termed craw-craw. The whole of them have 

 been characterised as constituting varieties of one disorder which 

 Dr. Bourel-Ronci^re terms Wiicherer's helmintlaiasis. The adult 

 worin was first discovered by Bancroft and first described by 

 myself. It was afterwards found and desci'ibed by Lewis, and 

 subsequently our " finds " were verified by Dr. Araujo and by 

 Dr. F. dos Santos. The larvae were first discovered by Wiicherer, 

 whose observations were afterwards verified and extended by 

 Salisbui-y, by myself, and especially by Lewis. Free microscopic 

 nematoids very closely resembling these larvae have been found 

 in the potable waters of Eio (aqua da Carioca) by Dr. 

 Magalhaes. Their genetic relation with F. Bancrofti, however, 

 is very doubtful. 



Lit. — Wiicherer, in Gaz. Med. da Baliia, Dec, 1868, and Sept., 

 1869, and in Hallier's Zcitschrift, 1869, and in Arch, de Med. 

 Navale, 1870; Salisbury, in Hay's Amer. Journ., 1868; Cobbold, 

 in Brit. Med. Journ., July, 1872, and in Lectures on Helminth., 

 1872 ; in B. M. J., June, 1876; in the Lancet for July and Oct., 

 1877 ; in Reports of the Proceedings of the Liunean Soc. ; of the 

 Pathological Soc. ; of the Medical Societj' of London ; in the 

 Lancet for March ; in Nature of the same month, and in the 

 Popular Science llcview for April, 1S78 ; Leuckart, Die Mensch. 

 Par. Bd. II., 1876 ; Corre, llev. des Sci. Nat., Sept., 1872 ; Crevaux, 

 De I'hematurio chylcuse, cfec, Paris, 1872; Silva-Lima (with 

 Crevaux,) Mem. sobre a hematuria chylosaou gordurosa, (Bahia, 



