EXAMINATION OF THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 243 



computation. The dip, if any, of the layers must be noted, false- 

 bedding looked out for, and especially in the clayey deposits any indica- 

 tions of bedding remarked. Specimens from each point must be 

 collected. If in wooden boxes about 6in. by 4in. an average specimen of 

 each deposit could be secured, it would be of service in comparing with 

 other localities. The stones must be carefully examined for striations, 

 and so also the rock surfaces below when exposed. If 100 stones are 

 collected at random from any pit they should then be sorted according to 

 their composition, and the proportions stated. Specimens of every 

 variety must of course be secured for reference. Fossils must be care- 

 fully looked for. So far as I know, not one shell has yet turned up m the 

 drift deposits of the midlands proper. Entire and large shells must not 

 be hoped for, the smallest fragments will be acceptable, and the sand 

 must be washed and examined microscopically for f oraminifera, &c. 



The large boulders will almost force themselves upon our attention. 

 Good specimens of each measuring not less than 4in. by Sin. must be 

 obtained, and every possible fact recorded about them. Much informa- 

 tion may often be got from rustics and dwellers in the neighbourhood 

 generally, and the ideas so elicited are often of the most racy 

 description. 



When an examination of the principal open sections has been com- 

 pleted in this way we shall be beginning to obtain some familiarity with 

 our task, and must endeavour to connect our observations so as to make 

 complete maps of the surface deposits, to connect, that is to say, the 

 various exposures so as to show what deposits are present under grass- 

 covered fields or wheat crops as well as in the gravel pits and brick pits 

 which we can so easily examine. This is a point, however, which we 

 can consider further on, only remembering in the meantime to make as 

 many notes about water-supply and well sections as we can. It will be 

 necessary to endeavour to identify the rocks of which boulders are 

 composed so as to determine the direction in which the ice-sheet has 

 travelled. For this purpose typical collections of Welsh rocks, of those of 

 the Lake district, and of Charnwood Forest wiU be most useful. I shall 

 be glad to forward to any one who is in want of them for this purpose a 

 small collection of typical Charnwood specimens, and doubtless dwellers 

 near other regions of hai-d and old rocks would also help in this way. 



In a separate note book enter at. the time as many particulars as 

 possible ; omit nothing however insignificant, and let each point be 

 visited more than once, and by different workers if possible. It will be 

 found useful to have a small number book, containing sheets of numbers, 

 say from 1 to 1,000, gummed and perforated. When a specimen of a 

 boulder, &c., is obtained, let a number be at once gummed on it, whilst 

 in the note book the same number is written down with f uU description 

 of locality. I have found this the best of many plans. 



The apparatus required in addition to a map is not much. A 

 geological hammer with a square head and belt with flap to carry it in ; 

 a small conapass, a little acid bottle to test for carbonate of lime, a good 

 satchel or stout gamekeeper's bag, a clinometer, a pocket lens ; all these 

 are useful, but I have known a working man with a coal-peck do 



