160 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Primus Pennsylvanicum, the red cherry, is found on white pine lands, 

 where it grows to the height of ten to fifteen feet. The fruitage is good, 

 the cherries being in umbels of from two to five, as large as the common 

 red currant, and much the same color when ripe; they are of a pleasant 

 acid flavor. 



Primus Virginica, the choke cherry, is found on white pine lands and 

 hardwood points. It is a shrub of three to six feet high. Its fruitage 

 is abundant, being clusters of berries as large as the marrow-fat pea; 

 which when ripe are a shiny black with a sweet, strongly astringent taste. 



Bubus villosus, the low blackberry, is found on white pine lands and 

 hardwood points. The plant is scarce and stunted, and the fruitage is 

 scanty, the berries being imperfect and bitter. 



Bubus Nutkanis, the large flowered raspberry, is found on white and Nor- 

 way pine lands where the native forests have been removed. It is scarce 

 and of scanty fruitage, the berries being much like the red raspberry. 



Bubus strigosis, the red raspberry, is found on all the uplands of this re- 

 gion, but it is most plentiful on the hardwood points, where its fruitage 

 is abundant. One variety of this berry found in this region has canes 

 without prickles; these grow erect, from two feet to thirty inches high 

 without branching the first year. The second year they branch and fruit 

 well; the berries are of a rich, sweet flavor. These three varieties of 

 raspberries are subject to a fungoid disease which appears as a rich brown 

 colored smut or rust on the leaves. 



Bubus chamaemorus. the cloud-berry, is found on the northerly exposure 

 of shaded Norway pine ridges in the extreme northeasterly part of this 

 region. It is a rare, herbaceous plant, bearing but two or three amber 

 colored berries about the size of the red raspberry, which are sweet and 

 have a peculiar pleasant flavor. 



Bubus triflorus, the dwarf raspberry, is found on shaded portions of 

 Norway and white pine lands, which have a northerly exposure. It is a 

 solitary, herbaceous plant bearing usually but a single berry about as 

 large as the red raspberry, of a translucent red, without bloom; it is sweet 

 and has a faint raspberry flavor. 



Bubus Articus, the Arctic raspberry, is found in peat swamps where it 

 grows independent of the soil, its roots penetrating but two or three inches 

 into the damp moss. It grows in patches, and is from one to two inches 

 high. It usually has a single leaf, and bears only one flower, which is an 

 inch and a half wide and of a rosy pink color, with a rich perfume resem- 

 bling that of plum blossoms. When in bloom a patch looks as if it were a 

 lot of plucked roses scattered on the moss. The fruit is larger than the 

 red raspberry, and when ripening changes first to a milky white and then 

 to a waxy red color; it is sweet and has a flavor like the mulberry. 



Fragaria Virginiana, the large round strawberry, is found on all of the 

 uplands and on the borders of the grass lands, but is most abundant and 

 fruits best on recent ice-formed sandy soil adjacent to sandy beaches of 

 lakes. The fruit is as large as the common cherry, sometimes larger, and 

 when ripened in the sun is highly colored, sweet and richly flavored. 



There is another strawberry found mingled with the above, but distinctly 

 differing from it. I did not learn its name. It bears a long and slender 

 berry, smaller but more numerous than the other, which hangs on the 

 stem until it dries up. It fruits best in shady places and is not easily 



