8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
physical characteristics, are included the Mingrelians of Cireassia, 
the Scandinavians, and the Finns, three races speaking radically 
unlike languages, while the Samoyedes, whose language is related to 
that of the Finns, and the Persians and Hindoos whose tongues 
resemble that of the Scandinavians, are relegated to other classes. 
From facts which have occurred, and facts which we may see daily 
occurring in this country and the neighboring republic, we are led to 
the conclusion that the language a man speaks is not good evidence 
as to his descent. The descendants of the Dutch settlers of New 
York speak English. The Negroes of the South speak either Eng- 
lish or French. On the other hand physical peculiarities change 
very slowly, if at all. The Spaniard of South America, the English- 
man of Virginia, the Frenchman of Quebec seem to be precisely the 
same physically as the Spaniard of Spain, the Englishman of England, 
and the Frenchman of France. If the white race darkens within 
the tropics, or the Negro blanches under the influence of frost, the 
process is very slow. It would therefore seem the part of wisdom 
to accept a classification based on physical peculiarities. The most 
approved classification is that of Huxley, which is founded on the 
character of the hair and colour of the skin. He divides all mankind 
into Ulotrichi, that is, those possessing crisp or woolly hair, and 
Leiotrichi, or those possessing smooth hair. The colour of the former, 
that is, of the Ulotrichi, or the woolly-haired division of mankind, 
“varies from yellow-brown to the darkest hue known among men.” 
Their “hair and eyes are normally dark, and with only a few excep- 
tions (among the Andaman Islanders) they are dolichocephalic,” 
that is, long-headed. ‘The Negroes and Bushmen of ultra-Saharal 
Africa, and the Negritos of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago and 
of the Papuan Islands are the members of this Negroid stock.” 
The Leiotrichi, that is, the smooth-haired division of mankind, are 
divisible into four groups, typified respectively by the Australians, 
the Chinese, the Swedes, and the Spaniards. 
1. The first of these, namely the Australioid group, have dark 
skins, dark eyes, ‘‘wavy black hair, and eminently long skulls with 
well developed brow ridges, and projecting jaws.” This group in- 
cludes the native Australians and Tasmanians, and some races found 
in India in the Dekhan. Professor Huxley is inclined to consider 
the ancient Egyptians a modification of this type. 
