56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
magnificent sum of $175,042,730, and to all countries to $325,- 
919,720. 
In the dead meat trade the largest returns are made from tke Pro- 
vince of Nova Scotia; this may be due to shipments of dressed 
beef and mutton being made in winter when carcases are frozen by 
natural means, and are in a condition to bear a long railway journey 
and several handlings with impunity, whilst the shipment of live 
animals is confined to the warmer portions of the year when navi- 
gation is open. 
The Dominion does not appear to have entered so largely into this 
branch as the States, from which the supply has decreased consider- 
ably in the last two or three years. It is affirmed by some authori- 
ties that there was not a sufficiently large margin to encourage a 
continuance, when Australian meat was being imported so sucess- 
fully ; whilst others declare that home consumption has increased, 
chiefly in the west and north-west through the large immigration of 
the last two years, and consequently the demand was equalling the 
supply. 
It may not be out of place to mention that in some British cities, 
Canadian dairy produce is much belittled, whatever is good in butter 
or cheese is called ‘“‘ American,” and what is bad American is too 
often called ‘‘ Canadian !” One city can be named in which a depot 
for Canadian produce was opened, and where! in one of the poorest 
and lowest parts of the city! ‘ American” beef, mutton, butter 
and cheese can be obtained at numerous places, while ‘“ Canadian” 
is unknown. 
The present cattle trade was commenced in 1876, and had its 
inception in this city. It was really an experiment. No one knew 
any thing of it. Shippers, ship-owners and harbor authorities were 
all in ignorance of the requirements of the trade. The first steamer 
chartered could only carry 150 head of cattle, and now the same 
ship carries 350. At the ports of debarkation no preparations had 
been made. It was difficult for the Liverpool harbour authorities to 
believe cattle could be brought across the ocean in large numbers 
free from infection or disease, when in spite of every care and 
attention outbreaks of pleuro-pneumonia and other diseases could not 
be checked in Britain. 
In the earlier days of the trade heavy losses were incurred. The 
