EIGHTH ORDINARY MEETING. 59 
gratings one inch wide, after which it is carried down into the lake 
at Ashbridge’s Bay. The byres and outfall troughs are all well flushed 
with fresh water every day. The solid manure is carted away, daily, 
by market gardeners and farmers in the neighbourhood of this city ; 
they get it free, each contractor receives the manure of two rows, and 
there has never been any trouble nor has the manure been allowed to 
lie for more than twenty-four hours. 
The animals come in during the month of October and go out in 
June, during that time they make from 1,500 to 1,800 lbs. in weight. 
In addition to the 20 gallons of ‘‘ wash” each animal receives daily, 
it gets about a ton of hay during the season; this is fed to allow it to 
chew its cud and keep its bowels in order. 
There is a great deal of difference of opinion among Sanitarians on 
the propriety of feeding animals on “ distillery wash” or “dregs.” 
Numerous investigations have been made into its qualities which 
have led to its being prohibited, as far as milch cows are concerned, 
in many cities and towns in the States and Britain, The question is 
still an open one, however. 
ABATTOIRS. 
No special care or arrangements appear to have been made in the 
early years of this century to regulate slaughter-houses, as we read 
that even in such large cities as Paris, London, and Edinburgh these 
buildings were in the densely populated parts of these cities ; that 
no care was bestowed on them, and that the effluvium arising from 
them was overwhelming. Napoleon I. passed an edict regulating 
the abattoirs of Paris, in 1810, which fixed their sites, and on these 
sites they remain at present. The leading British cities did not 
bestir themselves in this matter till about thirty years ago. 
The arrangements of the Paris abattoirs have been very generally 
followed, the buildings are placed in rectangular order and consist 
of the 
Echaudoir, or particular division allotted for knocking down the animal. 
Bowverie, the spaces, or sheds, where the animals are kept after a journey 
to rest and cool till the body gets to a normal condition. 
Fondeurs, or boiling down houses, for meat unfit for human use, &c. 
Triperies, the places used for cleaning the tripe of bullocks, and the fat, 
heads, and tripe of sheep and calves. 
In addition there have been lately added a blood house, where all the 
blood is coagulated, or treated for the albumen, which is used in 
