166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
from a comparison of the Aztec an Lesghian languages. These 
may be found operating to almost as great an extent in the Lesghian 
dialects among themselves :— 
1. The Aztec combinations #/, ntl, are either rendered in Lesghian by 
the same sounds, or by 7 or 7. In some cases in which phonetic 
decay has set in, the Aztec ¢/ is either omitted or represented by 
a dental. The Lesghian occasionally renders the Aztec ¢ and 
li by tl. 
2. The interchange of p and m, which appeared in comparing the 
Basque and the Lesghian, for the Aztec is deficient in the sound 
of 6, characterizes a comparison of the Aztec with the Caucasian 
languages. 
3. A similar interchange of n and /, or the ordinary equivalents of 1, 
such as marked the Iroquois in comparison with the Basque 
occasionally characterizes the relations of the Aztec and Caucas- 
ian tongues. 
4, The Lesghian, as already indicated, persists in the rejection of 
initial vowels, and the same is generally true of reduplications 
and medial aspirates. 
5. As inmany Aztec words initial ¢ forms no part of the root, but is 
a prosthetic particle, it finds no place in such cases in the corres- 
ponding Lesghian term. 
6. The Lesghian occasionally strengthens a word by the insertion of 
medial r before a guttural, for which of course there can be no 
provision in Aztec. 
I have not thought it desirable to burden this paper with laws 
relating to other changes, as the relation of the compared words will 
be sufficiently apparent ; but, for the purpose of illustration, I have 
added corresponding terms from other Khitan languages exempli- 
fying the rules set forth. 
COMPARISON OF AZTEC AND LESGHIAN FORMS. 
ENGLISH. AZTEC. PaoNnetic CHANGE. LESGHIAN. ILLUSTRATIONS. 
water atl ar al htli ur, Basque 
tlatzintli latzili, latziri tlukur liuchtliu, Kortak 
day tlacatli lacali, lacari tlyal, djekul allochal, teluchtat, Koriak 
knee tlanquaitl lancail, lancair tlon zangar, Basque 
econcor, Quichua 
deer mazatl mazal, mazar mitli mool, Yuma 
earth tlalli ralli, larri ratl lurra, Basque 
night tlalli ee SS retlo, rahle neillhe, Choctaw 
yesterday yalhua alhua hutl hooriz, Dacotah 
ice cetl cel, cer zer, zar kori, Japanese 
wind ehecatl ehecal, ehecar churi gygalkei, Koriak 
sheep icheatl icheal, ichear kir achuri, Basque 
ccaora, Aymare 
