176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
the equivalent of palli, birw and fart, ia-pelk, lip. The Circassian 
alone retains the sound of itsha, utsha for mouth, which appears in 
the inverted Lesghian mwr-tschi, and Mizjeji bar-dash, their equival- 
enti for uku-fari. In Iroquois the lip is osk-wenta. By the conver- 
sion of r and Z into n, which characterizes the Iroquois in comparison 
with most of the other Khitan languages, wenta represents an original 
bar, pel, berta or palta, The double meaning of this root which has 
appeared in the Aztec palli, the Japanese vo and iru, and the Basque 
bel and bar, holds good in the case of the Lroquois, for colour is wen- 
sera, in which wen is the radical, and iowente means ‘ accompanying 
or belonging to.” The form wen is by no means so common in Iro- 
quois as to make this a chance coincidence. The first part of the 
word osk-wenta is an abbrevation of a common form denoting the 
mouth. Inthe Basque we are warranted in rejecting Van Eys’s deri- 
vation of ezpana, the lip, from the root es, to shut, inasmuch as the 
same root in eztarri, the throat, would be manifestly out of place. In 
ez therefore we detect the ancient form for mouth which the Cireas- 
sian gives as itsha, and the Natchez as heche. And in pana, when it 
is remembered that the ehange of / to m is not uncommon in the 
Basque dialects, there is no difficulty in seeing an archaic pala, even 
if the Iroquois wen did not justify the connection. The Aztec tena- 
palli has derived its enw, for the ¢ is prosthetic, from such a strength- 
ened form of the ez, eche, mouth, as is found in the Yukahiri angay 
angya, and in the Lenca ingh. The following table will set more 
clearly before the eye these relations of the Khitan languages in the 
Old World and in the New :— 
FORMS OF THE AZTEC palli. 
CoLour. — CONTENTS, PERTAINING TO Lip. 
Aztec palli palli tenxi-palli 
Japanese iro biro iru, biru kuchi-biru 
Troquois wensera, iowente osk-wenta 
Basque bel bar ez-pana 
A somewhat similar instance is afforded in the Aztec word for leaf, 
iatla-pallo or quauhatla-palli, of which the first part is the word 
denoting a tree. The same is the case with eatcha in the correspond- 
ing Yuma term eatcha-berbetsen. But the tlel of the inverted Kamt- 
chatdale bil-tlel, the djitsha of the Yukahiri pal-djitsha, and the zela of 
the Georgian pur-zeli, no longer mean tree in these tongues. The 
Kamtchatdale now uses utha and uwuda, diminished forms of the 
