protoplasmic contents below, which are of the same character as 
those of the superficial cells of the midgut. The peripheral wall 
rarely shows pore canals ; when these are present they are few to the 
cell. The beaker cells are like those of the midgut in every respect, 
excepting that their theca are rounder and shorter. The erypts are 
clothed with an epithelium like that of the ordinary surface. As 
the vent is approached the height of the epithelial cells grows less 
and less, until finally at the vent it is columnar or even flattened. 
In the latter half of the endgut clavate cells have been sometimes 
observed differing not from the description given of these above. 
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
The arteries and capillaries are arranged in the endgut just as in 
the midgut. The course of the arteries in the submucosa is parallel 
to the course of the folds, to every one of which there is apparently 
a large submucous branch. 
THE LIVER. 
The liver of the cat-fish is situated at the anterior termination of 
the belly cavity, and is closely applied both to the aponeurotic 
wall and to the esophagus. The peritoneal covering of the aponeu- 
rotic wall is reflected over the hepatic veins to the liver, while a 
fold of the mesenteric membrane, embracing the cesophagus expands 
to cover the liver, and, passing behind it, is closely attached to the 
surface of the gall-bladder to the pancreatic- and bile-ducts. 
The liver is in weight about from one-thirtieth to one-twentieth 
that of the body as a whole. Its color is reddish-brown,—pathologi- 
‘eal conditions, which also increase or diminish its weight, vary its 
color, especially during the summer months. I have in several cases 
observed an extremely yellow color, due, probably, to the resorption 
of the bile. There is no pigment in any part of the liver beyond 
the proper pigment of the bile and such blotchings as sometimes 
were present were due to no discoverable reason. 
The liver is easily lacerable, and is of a jelly-like consistency. 
This latter property is due to oily fluids which show their presence 
in pieces hardened in alcohol by the strong ‘ fishy’ smell. 
The lobated formation of the liver is not distinctly marked. The 
lateral halves are quite similar, although that of the left may have 
quite a number of lappits distributed on its posterior surface which 
are absent from the right. The bridge connecting the two portions 
is not as thick as the remainder of the mass of the liver. A sulcus 
