ALIMENTARY CANAL, ETC., OF AMIURUS CATUS. 413 
As early as 1827, Weber' described the presence of a duct in 
Cyprinus carpio running parallel to the ductus choledochus and 
originating in the central lobe of the liver ; as he found no distinct 
pancreas, he regarded the portion of liver mentioned as performing its 
function, since it differed from the rest of the liver in color, form, 
attachment to the intestine, and division into lobules. 
A little later Brandt and Ratzeburg described a glandular body 
in Stlurus glanis, much like the liver and extended behind it envelop- 
ing the ductus choledochus. This organ, they believe, to be the 
pancreas. 
Cuvier’ maintained that the pyloric coeca were glandular organs 
performing the functions of a pancreas. 
Alessandrini’ discovered a pancreas in the pike and the sturgeon, 
the latter having also a complicated pyloric appendage. 
Johannes Miiller* and Steller separately showed that in some fishes 
both pancreas and pyloric coeca may coexist, while in others the former, 
as a well developed organ, may occur in the absence of the latter. 
The genus Lota was mentioned as an example of the first-named 
condition and Silurus and Murena of the latter condition. 
The organ described as the pancreas in the pike by Weber, Cuvier 
believed to be part of the liver proper, and added that. he had seen 
an excretory duct in a very large Silwrus, opening into the midgut 
and terminating in the right lobe of the liver. This duct he re- 
garded as an hepato-intestinal duct. 
The view that the organ generally regarded as the liver in fishes 
is divided into a bile-secreting portion and a trypsin-secreting portion 
was held by Stannius. 
Bernard® in 1856 described a pancreas present in the intestines of 
an unknown specimen of fish and also in the turbot. In those fishes 
in which a pancreas was not observed, Bernard supposed that its 
functions were performed by the mucous coats of the midgut. 
Nothing important was added to these observations until 1873, 
when Legouis’ determined the presence of a pancreas in all fishes 
studied by him. His work has been the most important yet as lay- 
1 Meckel’s Archiv, 1827. 
-2Cuvier et Valenciennes. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Paris, 1828. 
3 Novi Commen. Acad. Scien. Institut, Bonon, 1836, Tome IL. 
# Miiller’s Archiv, 1840, page 132. 
6 Lecons de Physiologie experimentale. Tome II., page 478. 
6 Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1873. 
