A MARINE AQUARIUM. 3 
vulcanite and glass. The last-named material was strongly reeommended 
to me by Mr. Lloyd, for the pump barrel; a cylinder of plate-glass 
turned and polished within and without, so as to be mathematically 
true, with turned and polished balls of glass to act as valves. These 
can be obtained only from one house in England, that of Chedgey, in the 
Borough, maker and patentee. They are in demand for vinegar and 
other acid-works, for the same reason that made one valuable to me. 
Mr. Lloyd first procured one from the maker, with much personal 
trouble and difficulty, so greatly does the demand exceed the supply ;— 
and then, with characteristic kindness, compelled me to accept it as his 
gift. It is 3in.in diameter internally, and 8in. high; has a capacity of 
13 pint, when making its available stroke of 6in., after allowing for the 
thickness of the piston; and it weighs 4lbs.120z. For this the engineers 
made two metal caps, one above and one below; which were then joined 
by. two metal rods parallel to the barrel, screwed and nutted to the caps. 
To avoid oscillation in pumping, the fulcrum was fixed, independent of 
the barrel, to the stout wooden plank which carried the pump; and a 
“ fork and cradle” motion insured parallelism of the piston-rod by means 
of a “guide,” also fixed independently to the plank. This relieves the barrel 
from all side strains, which might break it. The piston-rod was of 
polished steel; the fulcrum (handle) and loop of iron. 
This pump, firmly affixed to a stout plank, we set upright against the 
wall of the Aquarium, immediately on the right hand of the Tank; and 
at such a height that the surface of the full Tank was level with the 
mid-height of the barrel. Then we firmly bolted the plank to one of the 
rafters of the house. 
2.—The Supply-pipes. But the pump was to be a forcing pump (‘* lift 
and drive”), and not merely a lifting pump. Therefore, the valve ball, 
descending by the up-stroke of the fulcrum, opens a chamber, in which 
there is a second ball. This is so far lifted, by the in-forced water from 
the barrel, as to open a pipe (the Cistern supply-pipe), which proceeding 
up through the ceiling delivers it into the Cistern above. The Pump 
supply-pipe, a stout tube of vulcanite, commencing 6in. from the bottom 
of the Reservoir, passing over its edge, under the surface of the soil, 
across the yard, through the foundation of the house, up the interior of 
the wall, through the ceiling of the ground-floor, joins the bottom of the 
pump-barrel; and, at every down-stroke of the handle, delivers one and 
a-half pint of water from the reservoir into the glass barrel; which 
water is, the very next moment, by the up-stroke, poured into the Cistern 
above. Into the perforate bottom of the Cistern, another tube (the jet- 
pipe) is screwed; which, proceeding vertically downward to within close 
proximity to the surface of the Tank, allows the water to descend by its 
own gravity, and fill the Tank. 
The force and rapidity, with which this descending column of water 
shall enter, are regulated by a series of jets, or thimbles of vulcanite, in 
all which a screw is cut with one common thread, to screw on the 
extremity of the jet-pipe. These are pierced with a minute hole, very 
truly drilled, whose bore is different in each, according to the special 
requirement of the Tank. 
