130 GLEANINGS. 
three of the loftiest mountains of the West Riding. The party broke up 
into sections and explored in different directions, under the guidance of 
qualified leaders, some devoting themselves to geology, others to botany, 
and others again to ornithology. The sections reassembled for tea, at 
the Ingleborough Hotel; afterwards sectional meetings were held, and 
then a general meeting, at which the Rev. W. Fowler, M.A., vice presi- 
dent, occupied the chair. The sectional reports were then presented. 
Gatt-marine Prant Licz.— The life-history, and the agamic 
multiplication of the aphidide have always excited the interest of 
entomologists, and have even attracted the attention of some of the 
most eminent of our naturalists. Vol. V. (1879) of the ‘Bulletin of the 
United States Geological Survey” contains some biological notes by 
Dr. Riley, in which he recounts the following remarkable history :— 
Schizeneura Americana is a species of aphis which infests the leaves of the 
American elm, sometimes in such numbers as to cause all the leaves to 
fall. If during the winter the cracks in the bark of one of these trees 
that was badly infested with this leaf-curling species the previous 
summer be examined, there will pretty surely be found here and there 
a small dull yellow-coloured egg, about ‘5mm. long, probably still covered 
with the remains of the female’s body, quite dried up. Out from this 
egg, in the early spring, will be hatched the little crawling creature 
which constitutes the first generation in a very remarkable series. This 
‘‘stem-mother” begins to feed, and causes the leaf to swell up and 
pucker until it at last curls over the tiny form. After three moults, and 
the temperature being warm, it commences to people the leaf with 
young at the rate of about one every six or seven hours. The second 
generation, though they never grow to be at all as large as the stem- 
mother, are like her in many respects. ‘They accumulate in vast 
numbers, some of which, scattering, form new colonies. Their issue 
forms the third generation which are destined to become winged. 
These winged forms are short-lived, but they lay twelve or more 
pseudova at average intervals of about half an hour, The young plant- 
lice from these form the fourth generation, the members of which are 
very active, running swiftly. They are of a brown colour, and are some- 
what like in general appearance to those of the second generation. In 
this stage they swarm over every portion of the tree, and their necessities 
cause them to migrate, in which effort masses of them get destroyed. 
The fifth generation is very similar to the fourth. It gives rise to forms 
like the fourth, but without wings. These give origin to the sixth 
generation. All of these acquire wings. These abound in the latter end 
of June and early part of July. They congregate on the bark, seeking 
out sheltered cracks or crevices, in which they deposit their young. 
These form the seventh generation, and are sluggish, of the colour of the 
bark, the females a little larger than the males. They have no mouth. 
They live for several days without motion. The female seems to increase 
in size by the enlargement of her one single egg. Both sexes soon perish, 
leaving among their shrivelled bodies the shining, brownish, winter egg, 
with which we started ; so, after a long series of vegetative reproductions, 
at last the time comes for the renewing of the race by this zygospore-like 
body. Surely in this lies a hint to our plant-growers. It would be easier 
to destroy a single egg than stop a stream of agamic-produced forms 
extending to six generations. 
Roman Guass.—The Leicester Town Museum contains many 
specimens of Roman g]ass vessels, but probably none exceed in interest a 
small fragment of a circular vessel, perhaps a drinking cup, which was 
found in Hast Bond Street, Leicester, in 1874, and presented to the 
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