278 SUBURBAN GARDENING. 
quantity it will give a new character to it by rendering it more permeable 
by water and air, and the roots of plants will be found to ramify through 
itmore easily. Hedge clippings, &c., may be utilised to burn heaps of clay 
soil, and will contribute to the enrichment of the heaps. Sir Oswald 
Mosley made a number of experiments with burnt clay, and found its — 
value very great indeed. I quote the following remarks from his pen. 
He says:—‘‘My gardener sowed two beds of onion seeds. The beds 
were each eighteen yards by twelve; one was manured with good stable 
dung, the other with a mixture of burnt clay and vegetable ashes. The 
produce of the first did not exceed five bushels of an inferior size. The 
latter was twenty bushels of onions as large as those imported from 
Portugal. The latter also kept best. An application of the same burnt 
mixture has been applied with equal success in my fruit garden. I am 
so fully persuaded of the excellence of this kind of manure that Iintend 
to adopt it generally on my farm.” ‘The burning of soils appears to 
increase the amount of soluble potash in them. Im an experiment 
made by Dr. Voelcker, he found that unburnt clay contained 0-269 per 
cent. of this ingredient, whilst after burning it contained 0-941 per 
cent. of potash soluble in acidulated water. Soda, too, when present in 
soils, has its soluble parts increased by burning. On the other hand the 
proportion of soluble phosphoric acid and of ammonia are diminished by 
the process, which is rather against it. But then it must be remembered 
that burnt earth acquires a greater aptitude for absorbing ammonia from 
the atmosphere. On the whole, the use of burnt clay is strongly to be 
recommended. In burning clay care must be taken not to employ too 
much heat. The clay must never be so far baked as to be coverted into 
a brick-like substance, but only so much that the lumps of burned clay 
will readily crumble with a little pressure. 
[TO BE CONTINUED. |] 
THE CRYPTOGAMIC FLORA OF WARWICKSHIRE. 
BY JAMES E. BAGNALL. 
(Continued from page 256.) 
CALYMPERACEZ. 
189.—[Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. Banks. This species I have found on 
sandy banks near the Lickey Hills, in Worcestershire. It may 
probably be found on similar habitats in Warwickshire. ] 
192.—E. streptocarpa Schwg. On the mortar of old walls, rare. On 
a small bridge at Earlswood, near Reservoir! on stone walls near 
New Fillongley Hall! Always barren. 
GRIMMIACES. 
194.—Grimmia apocarpa L. Schistidiwn apocarpum B. and §8., Wils., 
Berk. On walls, frequent. Olton Canal bridge! Elmdon! 
Binton! Coleshill! Shrewley Common! Pinley! 
Var. b. gracilis N. and H. On stone walls near Fillongley! 
Var. c. rivularis N. and H. On stones in stream. Out of large pool 
at Arbury! Spring. 
197.—G. crinita Brid. On the mortar of old walls, very rare. Onan 
old bridge near Hatton! ‘This interesting moss was new to our 
