A SUCCESSFUL CABBAGE FIELD. 61 



Your cabbage will not do much if not started right, and, to 

 repeat, there are four important points, soil prepared as for a 

 seed bed, good plants, moisture and the packing of the earth 

 closely about the roots. 



If the ground is dry, or as soon as it is dry, the plants 

 should be cultivated, and after that every week or ten days. 

 They will respond well to hoeing, but usually it is not necessary 

 to do much hand hoeing. If while the plants are still small, they 

 are hoed with the wheel hoe once or twice across the rows, hand 

 hoeing will be eliminated. Cultivation with the rows can be done 

 with a wheel hoe if the plot is small. If the plot is larger it can 

 be cultivated with a horse and five-shovel and fourteen tooth 

 cultivator. 



We have never considered it necessary to spray our cabbage, 

 but many do, and it is better to do it. For the aphis, spray with 

 kerosene emulsion, for green worms use paris green or arsenate 

 of lead. 



We have never used commercial fertilizers, and so can only 

 advise regarding barnyard manure. Use it freely, as the cab- 

 bage is a gross feeder. 



Apple Storage. — The results of the investigations in the handling of 

 northwestern apples for and in cold storage have been so consistent and 

 conclusive that this phase of work may be considered completed. The results 

 brought out particularly the importance of picking apples of various 

 varieties at the proper stage of maturity, of careful handling in all har- 

 vesting and storage operations, of prompt cooling, and proper storage 

 temperatures. During past seasons the growers have frequently suffered 

 very large financial losses from either too early or too late harvesting of 

 apples of certain varieties, such as Jonathan, Rome Beauty and others. 

 The work has demonstrated clearly that the storage life of apples can be 

 prolonged from weeks to months by picking at proper maturity, and has 

 shown how the grower may know when his fruit is of proper maturity for 

 best results in storage. In connection with the investigations of the cold 

 storage of Yellow Newtown apples in the Watsonville district of California, 

 the most important discovery is without doubt the relation of tree vigor 

 to the keeping quality of fruit in storage. Experiments extending over 

 two seasons have clearly shown a marked and consistent difference in the 

 keeping quality of fruit from different trees, particularly trees that for any 

 reason differ in vigor and general healthfulness. During the past season 

 the possibilities of common, or air-cooled, storages in different sections 

 were carefully investigated. The results of these investigations have 

 clearly shown the practicability of such storage under some conditions and 

 the economic saving resulting to the industry in the use of houses properly 

 constructed and managed. — U. S. Dept. Agri. 



