92 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



place for most of our best annuals to thrive in a climate like ours, 

 where the rainfall is no more than what is needed and should by- 

 all means be preserved. Have your beds level with the surround- 

 ing lawn or ground, so as not to deprive the beds of their natural 

 share of the precipitation. 



Mrs. Boyington : I was so happy to hear our friend note the 

 real reason that takes the farm boy and girl away from home 

 that I just have to say something about it . We have had teach- 

 ers all over the country studying the question how to keep the 

 boys and girls at the farm. I found out something the other 

 day. When the farm mother is perfectly happy in her farm 

 home and surrounded by beautiful things of life, she will keep 

 her boys and girls there. It is the farm mother that sends her 

 boys and girls to the city because she is not willing that they 

 should live under the conditions that she has lived under, and I 

 think Mr. Swanson has just put the blame where it belongs. 

 (Applause.) 



"The Blight Bacterium, Bacillus amylovorus, discovered many years 

 ago by Dr. Burrill, is the cause of the blight of pear and quince and twig 

 blight of apple. It lives over in the blight cankers, especially upon the 

 larger branches or trunks of the blighted trees. In this respect there is 

 evidence that the pear is a large source of survival infection; also the 

 quince, and as has been proved, the blight cankers on apple. With the 

 beginnings of growth conditions in spring, just before blossoming time, 

 these living cankers exude the zoogloea of the bacterium, and these exuda- 

 tions may be carried by any agency visiting first the bloom and subsequently 

 other new growth. For this reason the advice to cut out and burn the 

 blighted parts and all possible sources of surviving infection is founded 

 on the right sanitation principle, and must ultimately be one of the means 

 of reducing our trouble from blight." — A. D. Selby, Bulletin Ohio St. Hort. 

 Socy. 



The Currant Worm. — Most everyone is familiar with the spotted cur- 

 rant worm about three-quarters of an inch long, that is sometimes capable 

 of stripping a bush of its leaves in a few days. Many growers wait until 

 they see the worms before they spray, and to their surprise find consid- 

 erable damage done. Timely application of Arsenate of Lead (1 oz. of the 

 paste form to a gallon of water) will prevent their depredations. The eggs 

 of the first brood are laid when the currants are in blossom, so that the 

 first spraying should be applied as soon as the blossoming period is over, 

 especially on the lower leaves. This year the proper time to have sprayed 

 would have been about May 20th. The eggs of the second brood were 

 hatching June 21st, about the time the currants are full grown. If the 

 worms of the second generation are abundant fresh hellebore should be 

 used at the rate of 4 ounces in 2 gallons of water. Black currants do not 

 seem to be attacked. 



