112 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



presume, hundreds of times from different individuals, to know 

 really what they are spraying for. I made quite a study to find 

 out how I was going to get at the codling moth, and I find from 

 the very best and most reliable sources that the codling moth lays 

 it eggs on the leaves and never on the apple itself. We are apt 

 to think that it lays its eggs down in the calyx of that little, small 

 apple, which is not a fact at all. I would think that the second 

 spraying that the gentleman has spoken about, wherein he leaves 

 out the arsenate of lead, to my mind would be a mistake, for the 

 codling moth lays its eggs on the leaf, and we want to get the 

 worm if we possibly can when it first hatches on the leaf, get it 

 on the foliage before it gets to the little apple. My experience 

 shows that after they get into the blossom end of the apple we 

 want to get the spray into the blossom end. There are three or 

 four days it is open to receive this spray. That is the time they 

 all concede we ought to spray, but we do not expect the worm to 

 be in there for some little time. It will take twenty-four days 

 from the time they come out in the spring and go through the 

 mating period and nine days before the worm will hatch, and we 

 have got to have the spray there then. The second spraying can 

 be done more carelessly and with less force then the first spray- 

 ing, because all we can hope to get is the worm that hatches on 

 the leaves. It will be the same number of worms, but we will get 

 them on the leaves. It is no use spraying the fruit because if 

 we don't get the poison down in the little calyx while it is open 

 we will never get it there, and we will not get the worm. 



Mr. Bingham: I would like to say that there is one point 

 that is very well taken. In all of our spraying operations we use 

 arsenate of lead in every spraying because we feel that the 

 expense incurred for a pound of arsenate of lead powder to a bar- 

 rel of fifty gallons of spray mixture is well expended, because 

 that assures us of getting all the insects that are affecting the 

 foliage as well as, as the gentleman says, the codling moth. We 

 put it in every spray on the cherries and apples up until, per- 

 haps, the last one, which is only for fungous -diseases. 



Mr. Simmons : In Minnesota I think it is a rare thing for 

 us to have more than one brood of the codling moth, and by spray- 

 ing and spraying thoroughly so that the spray will drop under 

 the tree, any time from the time the petals fall to eight or ten 

 days after, if the job is done thoroughly, I don't see the necessity 

 of putting any more arsenate of lead on the trees. We have done 

 that for years, the first spraying, and it has always controlled the 

 moths. If you don't have rain during the operation of spraying 

 it is an easy matter. If the spray material gets thoroughly dry 

 on the tree before the rain commences and the spray dope will 

 still be sticking on the tree when you get through in the field, I 

 think the second arsenate of lead application is thrown away. 



A Member : I want to get clear in mind, when do you spray 

 first? When the petals are falling? 



Mr. Simmons : When the most of them are down. 



A Member: When do you spray the second time? 



