122 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



or apples, differ with different localities and different individuals. 

 We all have our notions, and that coupled with the difference in 

 location widens the list of varieties commercially. Four to six 

 varieties for forty acres is sufficient. 



I am going to select four varieties and these all red apples, 

 Snow, Mcintosh, Dudley and Wealthy. (This for eastern 

 Wisconsin, Secy.) These all have faults, and it is hard to find a 

 variety that hasn't some faults. To those who object to the four 

 I have mentioned I might suggest three or four more, Wagener, 

 Salome, Seek-no-further and Liveland, all with some color. 



One must consider the variety somewhat in determining the 

 distance apart to plant. In the Northwest we can plant closer 

 than in a milder climate. Our trees bear young and consequently 

 do not reach the size they do in the East and the Southeast. 



We plant Wealthy twenty feet ; Mcintosh, Snow and Dudley 

 twenty-five feet, Wagener twenty feet, Salome twenty-five feet, 

 Liveland twenty, but if planted in with other varieties twenty- 

 five feet. Were all these varieties to be planted in alternating 

 strips of several rows each, across a piece of land, twenty-five 

 feet would be the distance I would use. 



Method of Planting. Our method is first to stake out our 

 land, twenty-five feet square, lining up the stakes so they are 

 in perfect rows, leaving twenty-five to thirty feet margin at the 

 ends for convenience in turning later on. We use the tree placer, 

 of which I have a model. This device insures perfectly straight 

 rows with all sorts of workers. 



Holes are dug amply large and deep enough to take in the 

 roots without bending. Long roots are removed or shortened in- 

 to reasonable length for planting. By using a tree placer and 

 placing it against the stake, then tipping the point back, it can 

 stay in position until the hole is dug and the tree placed in the 

 hole straight up. Then the point is again tipped down, and the 

 tree comes where the stake was. 



Nursery Stock. In either cherry or apple a two year, five to 

 six foot tree, well branched, medium low head, is about the ideal 

 tree. The reason I choose a two year tree is that the roots are 

 sufficiently large to be woody enough to allow a ready formation 

 of callouses, while the roots on the one year tree will be prin- 

 cipally bark and very much slower to callous. 



Fall Dug Against Spring Dug Stock. I prefer fall dug stock 

 stored with roots in dirt, not in moss or three-fourths of the 



