While It is not the intention to publish anything in this magazine that 

 is misleadng or unreliable, yet it must be remembered that the articles 

 published herein recite the experience and opinions of their writers, and this 

 fact must always be noted in estimating their practical value. 



r \ 



Vol. 45 SEPTEMBER, 1917 No. 9 



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Orcharding in Minnesota, 



(report no. 2.) 

 prof. richard wellington, university farm, st. paul. 



At the last winter meeting of this society a report was made 

 on orchard sites and protective agencies, as windbreaks and 

 bodies of water. In order to make that report as specific as 

 possible, the state was divided into six sections, namely, the 

 southeast, central-east, northeast, northwest, central-west and 

 southwest. Arbitrary lines were drawn between the sections 

 and the included counties named. For the treatment of the 

 above subject, this division was very suitable, owing to the wide 

 variation in the topography and climate of the state. 



In the consideration of the management or treatment of 

 orchards, which will be taken up at this meeting, the same 

 division of the state is adhered to, but it is not as applicable to 

 this report as to the former, owing to the uniform methods prac- 

 ticed throughout the state. 



The treatment and management of orchards considers 

 whether an orchard is in sod or under cultivation, intercropped 

 or cover cropped, pastured and manured or fertilized. If the 

 orchard is in sod, questions arise as to what grasses are grown, 

 what is done with the grass and, finally, what effect does the 

 grass have on the health, vigor, growth and productiveness of 

 the tree. In like manner questions arise as to the value of culti- 

 vation, inter crops, cover crops, pasturing and manuring. 



Before taking up the details of this report, I wish to impress 

 upon you the source and reliability of the facts that are to be 

 given. All statements are based on answers to questions enu- 

 merated on orchard survey blanks sent out to those orchardists 

 whose names and addresses could be obtained. Most of the ques- 

 tions were simple and could be readily answered, but others were 



(337) 



