378 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



years it was divided again crosswise, so that one-quarter which 

 had been in sod was put in tillage, and one-quarter that had been 

 in tillage was again put in sod. Immediately the results began 

 to work in the same general way as before, that is to say, the 

 trees that went into sod began to lose their productiveness and 

 those that were changed from sod to tillage came up again in 

 yield. 



Mr. Husser: I would like to have the professor tell us in 

 what good spraying consists and what power is necessary for 

 doing the most efficient spraying. 



Mr. Philips: I want to make a short statement I think 

 has a bearing on this question. A neighbor of mine last summer, 

 who has an outlet into the sewer, put down either three or four 

 inch pipes for tiling, but it clogged up and stopped at the house, 

 and he hired a man to find out about it. There was a rose bush 

 some distance from the house, and they found the tile entirely 

 clogged with roots, from that bush, that had come through the 

 joints. So be careful when you put in tile or any pipes under- 

 ground not to do it near where there are roots. The roots will 

 fill them up so the water can't pass through. 



Prof. Beach: The question is what constitutes good spray- 

 ing and what power to use. I referred yesterday to the Under- 

 wood orchard, which was sprayed in the season of 1915 and again 

 in the season of 1916 by a farmer who had just taken up spray- 

 ing. He had only about 31/2 acres of orchard. He wasn't in posi- 

 tion, or thought he wasn't, to buy a good power sprayer. What he 

 did do was to get a common barrel pump. With a barrel pump 

 he couldn't keep up a very strong pressure. 



However, they did good enough spraying with comparative- 

 ly low pressure so that that orchard, which before had been un- 

 productive, I understand, brought in in 1915 something over 

 $600 gross receipts, and in 1916 over $800 gross receipts. I 

 wouldn't want to say that was the most effective spraying, and 

 yet it was done with a barrel pump, in which I doubt whether 

 they maintained a pressure of more than fifty or sixty pounds. 

 However, I would prefer to have spraying done by an engine 

 and a pressure of from 100 to 150 pounds. 



There is this feature where you drive the spray onto the 

 foliage or onto the fruit with a pressure of 150 pounds, you wet 

 the fruit as you don't do with a spray that goes on at a pressure 

 of fifty or sixty pounds. You throw that spray against the fruit 

 with such an impact that it wets the surface of the fruit. A 

 gentle spray or mist collects in fine particles on the fruit, but 

 it will not thoroughly wet the fruit. There's a difference be- 

 tween having the surface thoroughly wet and having a mist 

 lying on the surface. You are, I believe, more apt to get spray 

 injury from spraying with a, heavy pressure than with a light 

 pressure. The important thing about spraying right is to do 

 the work thoroughly. You can't kill a codling moth unless you 



