DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. 205 
Macrophylla is less common and more beautiful, while Amorpha Fruticosa 
our common River-locust, isan ornamental shrub greatly valued by our 
eastern landscape artists. 
I cannot do more than refer to our Cornel (Cornus sericea(?), the Kinne- 
kinnick of the Indians. Its bright red twigs make it a marked feature 
of the winter landscape. 
Ihave left myself scarcely any space to speak of the peculiar herbaceous 
flora of this region. Outside of the timbered bottoms, where the flowers 
are those familiar to the dwellers in the eastern part of the state, the 
most striking feature of the flora is the comparatively small number of 
different species represented. 
With the earliest spring time,when the bellowing of the prairie-chicken 
begins to be heard, the American Pasque-flower (Anemone patens, var. 
Nutalliana) opens its pale blue petals on every hillside, to be succeeded 
later on by the feathery tails of its elongated styles. Other anemones 
follow—especially the Pennsylvania Anemone with its large white flowers, 
and Anemone Cylindrica, with its long fruit heads. The Carolina Anemone 
has a rather aristocratic and exclusive beauty of its own. It is a rather 
rare plant here. Buttercups of many species follow, and among them the 
Seaside Crowfoot (Ranunculus cymbalaria) on the borders of alkaline 
marshes. 
Everyone who has been on the prairies knows the Ground Plum ( Astra- 
galus caryocarpus). The early voyageurs, it is said, cooked the unripe 
fruit pods instead of green peas. Of late years, however, these fruit pods 
have nearly all been infested by insects and no one would care to eat 
them. 
Astragalus Adsurgens, a form from the far west, forms dense cespitose 
masses on dry hillsides. Its globular flower heads strikingly resemble red 
clover. 
Astragalus Hypoglottis, another western form, grows on flat alkaline 
prairies, and is said to range northward to the Arctic Circle. It is a 
delicate plant with pale blue fiowersin a globular head. Astragalus Flex- 
uosus has been found occasionally, and another astragalus, probably new 
to the fiora of Minnesota, that Prof. MacMillan has determined as 
Astragalus Newberri. 
Closely related to these is Oxitropis Lamberti, with its silky pinnate 
leaves, and long spike of showy purple or violet flowers. It is one of the 
most beautiful of our immigrants from the far west. 
Not uncommon on rich prairies is the Wild Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza 
lepidota), its root greatly resembling the Asiatic liquorice of commercé. 
Another immigrant from the far west, often found on the Minnesota 
bluffs is Pentstemon Albidus. It is new to the flora of Minnesota, and a 
flower of more than botanical interest. 
I must close here. The subject is too large. The peculiarities of the 
herbaceous ffora of the upper Minnesota valley would require another 
paper. 
Vice-President Wedge: I wish that Judge Moyer would ex- 
plain the difference between green ash and white ash. 
Judge Moyer: Iam not enough acquainted with the white 
ash,as it grows in the west,to be able to explain the difference. 
