DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. 209 
A dense, prostrate shrub of the rocky hills is the Bearberry. The bell- 
shaped flowers are bright-rose or white, the berries, which appear in 
August and remain all winter, are deep crimson. The festoons of dark 
green summer foliage turn to shades of purple in winter. 
Along the shores of the northern lakes is the Sweet Gale, its showy 
flowers, sweet-scented, blossoming in advance of the leaves. 
On the sterile hillsides is the allied Sweet Fern, an aromatic shrub with 
fern-like foliage. 
The Shrubby Cinque-foil is found along the rocky shore of Lake Supe- 
rior. It has brown stems, leaves very silky on the underside, and yellow 
flowers borne in continuous succession from June until September. 
A unique shrub of the Red River Valley is the Silver-Berry, the bark, 
leaves, flowers and fruit being cuvered with small silvery scales. 
The Buffalo-Berry is similar, with silvery leaves and scarlet fruit. 
Frequent near the streams and in the thickets farther southward are 
the Cornels or Dogwoods. The Red Osier Dogwood is attractive in sum- 
mer,with corymbs of white flowers, but more noticeable in winter because 
of the brilliant red bark. 
The Silky Cornel has purple branches, silky, dull green leaves, flat 
cymes of white flowers, and pale, blue fruit. 
The Panicled Cornel has grey branches, numerous panicles of white 
flowers and also white fruit. 
The dainty Dwarf Cornel, with creeping underground stem, is some- 
times found about shaded rocks. It is conspicuous either because of the 
large flower-like involucre or the bright red fruit. 
Many beautiful shrubs of the Honeysuckle Family are scattered all 
through the woods and copses of this more southern part of our state. 
First of all may be mentioned that little favorite to be found now and 
then on the mossy carpet of the forest, the Twin Flower. It is a delicate 
trailing evergreen with a pair of nodding, fragrant flowers. 
Several of the Arrow-woods,to which genus the Bush Cranberry belongs, 
are fine shrubs; especially so is the Withe-rod, with glossy. green leaves 
and white flowers. 
The Maple-leaved Arrow-wood is striking in its autumn coloring of vari- 
ous shades of purple. * 
The Common Elder is a shrub which occupies considerable space. 
The dark green, massive foliage makes a beautiful background for the 
broad cymes of white flowers or the great bunches of purple berries. 
Almost as showy in flower is the Red-berried Elder, while the scarlet ber- 
ries mingled with the leaves make it much more so in fruit. 
On the rocky bluffs of the Mississippi river are the Crimson and Yellow 
Honeysuckles, with their bright flowers and pale, green leaves thrown 
into relief by the darker greens about them. 
Herve, too, where all sorts of wild things grow in reckless luxuriance, 
are clumps of Mountain Maple, with broad leaves, deep crimson twigs 
and large clusters of seed vessels. Near it is the Bladder-nut with pin- 
nate leaves, drooping bell-shaped flowers, or inflated pods. 
In damp, cold ravines is the Mountain Holly, with purplish bark, 
smooth, oval leaves and pendulous, crimson fruit; also the Winterberry 
or Black Alder, its close-clinging scarlet berries half hidden by the leaves 
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