228 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. en 
high, beautiful beyond description,standing 12 feet apart. They consist of 
Norway spruce, white spruce and some balsam. They are a grand wind 
break and so ornamental. The history of those evergreens is as follows: 
I bought 1,000 three-year-old seedling evergreens, put them out, trans- 
planted twice, sold 800—here are the other 200. I have no recollection of 
losing a tree. The moral of those evergreens is this: Any intelligent 
farmer that lives on the prairie who will invest $10 in good evergreen 
seedlings, 3 years’ old, put them out in nursery rows, give them good 
cultivation two years, then transplant them around a 5-acre iot on which 
his buildings are, in rows 12 feet apart, trees 12 feet apart in the rows, in 
a few years will have almost perfect protection from the intense cold, 
wind and blizzards, and, in addition to this, will add hundreds of dollars 
to the value of his land. 
‘‘Variety is the spice of life;”’ it is nourishment for the bedy, thought 
for the mind, and joy to theeye. ‘The same kind of shade trees on 
the street becomes monotonous and tiresome. 
Nothing is more attractive and pleasing to passers-by than a con- 
stant change. For that reason, to please myself and the public, I set out 
this row of white birch on the street. They are beautiful. More than 
twenty times the question has been asked me apparently in good earnest, 
how often I whitewashed them to keep them so white. 
The hard maple is a native of Minnesota and is found in large quanti- 
ties in different parts of the state;the trees are handsome, timber very val- 
uable. Here is a grove principally of hard maple, put out 4 years ago, 6 
feet apart each way, has never been cultivated; mulched with cornstalks, 
when put out, two inches deep over the whole ground, and each year since. 
They have made as good growth as the box elder on the same ground. 
For a few years after a hard maple grove is set out it shouid be mulched 
over the whole ground and not cultivated. As soon as the tops com- 
pletely shade the ground the trees will make an upward growth like 
weeds. Nothing is so destructive to hard maples as bare ground and 
tramping over the roots. Adjoining me on the west 40 rods away isa grove 
of hard maple 14 years from the seed, that are now from 30 to 40 feet. 
high, and from 8 inches to a foot in diameter a foot above the ground. 
The great value of the hard maple as a timber tree is not appreciated by 
the people of Minnesota. , : 
Here are some old and new varieties of fruit trees: here is a tree from 
the root where the graft died; it is now 8 years old; has never been in- 
jured by blight, drouth, or cold; has fruited three years; ripens in 
August; quality of fruit first class; double the size of the Transcendent; 
sub-acid; color when ripe light green. I am growing this variety exten- 
sively to supply the lake trade. Jt has no name. 
Here is a row of 25 Lieby that were grafted on the crowns of seedlings 
3 years old in the ground; the cions made a growth of 4 and 5 feet the 
first season as straight as a candle. They were dug in the fall and buried, 
set here in the spring, have been out three years, made splendid 
growth, and are as sound as silver dollars. 
This is the Tonka, a cross between the Cherry crab and Duchess. It 
possesses more gvod points than is rarely. found in any one kind. It al- 
ways roots deep; if there is any moisture in the ground it will find it,hence 
is seldom,if ever,affected by drouth; will live, flourish and keep sound on 
