~ GENERAL FRUITS. 229 
the most exposed ground, where most other varieties kill or badly injure. 
The fruit is good, a bright red or scarlet color, and sells the quickest of 
all crabs. The vigor and vitality of this variety is seldom equaled. Be- 
sides growing this variety for fruiting I also grow them to top work the 
‘Wealthy and other hybrids on. Here is one four years old, an inch and a 
half in diameter at the butt, which I grafted with the Wealthy last 
spring—seven grafts in all. You see they madea growth of four feet or 
more in one season. I am top-working all my Wealthys on this variety, 
grafting in the limbs a foot from where they branch, and expect to grow 
Wealthy trees that will last as long as the Duchess Time will tell. 
Here are two Duchess that are grafted with cions taken from a Minne- 
sota seedling six ‘years old that grows apples as good and that keep as long 
as the Baldwin. We think theseedling is hardy. It is covered with thorns 
three inches long from the ground a foot up the trunk of the tree. 
Above that the wood and leaves are very smooth. We shall keep quiet 
until we know more about the hardiness of this tree. 
Here is a row of Lieby eight years old. They stand like iron fence 
posts. You can tie to them every time and they will not go back on you. 
The next tree is a new sweet hybrid six years old; a free grower: has never 
blighted or injured in any way: very prolific; as large if not larger than 
any other of the sweet hybrids: color red; quality very good. 
Here is another hybrid 14 years old that has been pretty thoroughly 
tested in the Northwest, has never blighted or injured in any way; is the 
heaviest fruiter of any variety I ever knew; a little larger and later than 
the Transcendent; light green, sub-acid, very good, keeps a long time, 
not water-cored. We anticipate grand results from this variety. I call 
it the Arctic. 
‘We have over forty varieties of apples and seedlings we are watching 
with much interest—but time will not allow us to pursue this subject 
further at present, as we have other thiags which we deem of interest. 
By the way, here are seven rows of Cuthbert raspberries running east and 
west, 40 rods long, 7 feet apart, hills 3 feet apart in the rows. In looking 
along these rows on the north side you notice stakes in the rows about 20 
feet apart and three feet high, leaning to the north on an angle of about 
50 degrees. On the upper side of those stakes, about 30 inches up, you 
notice a No. 12 white wire stretched and attached to each stake with a 
staple just tacked in sufficient to hold. 
Resting on those wires you notice the canes that fruited last season: on 
the other side of each row you notice the new canes for fruiting next 
year are laid down and covered with earth. We find it a great improve- 
ment to reverse from one side to the other; by so doing the old canes can 
remain till spring. They catch and hold the snow, which is a protection 
to the roots and laid-down plants. In the spring with a heavy, sharp 
hoe the old canes can be cut close to the ground about as fast as a person 
can walk. We handle the black caps and blackberries in the same way, 
with the exception of the stakes and wires, those we no not use. 
We mulch under the canes on the side they were laid down and let them 
remain as near the ground as possible; cultivate the other side. In this 
way we greatly increase the crop of each, also the quality. 
We are now Satisfied we can grow peaches and have the same success 
we do with the raspberry. with but little more labor, and shall plant out 
several hundred in the spring, life and health permitting. 
