240 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. - 
Red raspberries should be planted in rows four feet apart and 3 feet in 
the row. The tops of them should be pinched off when they are 18 or 
20 inches high, but no further trimming should be done, except removing 
the old wood in the spring or fall, leaving not more than 5 or 6 new canes 
in a hill. The Turner and Philadelphia will stand-our winters without 
any protection, but the more tender varieties, such as Shaffer’s, Brandy- 
wine and Cuthbert, should be covered the same as blackberries. 
In a country so well adapted to small fruits as Minnesota, it seems as 
though every farmer should raise all his family could use—it requires 
but a little piece of ground. The good work that our Institute did last 
winter helped greatly to improve the interest taken in this line of ‘horti- 
culture. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr. Harris: I would like to know why every man that ever 
gets up or reads a paper on this subject sets the rows three and 
one-half feet apart? Now, in order to pick them right, you 
must have an alley in between these rows of a certain width. 
They can just as well take a six inch wider space and make 
it four feet when they plant them. Yet, every book and 
speaker and everybody else says ‘‘put the rows three and a half 
feet apart.” Now, I put them four feet and sometimes four and 
a half feet apart. I can then run the cultivator and put it 
in once or twice more by so planting them. 
Mr. Wilcox: It seems curious that an old horticulturist like 
our friend Harris should recommend planting them four feet 
apart, because that seems to me altogether too near. In our 
modern methods we are always making some improvement on 
the past. This recommending strawberries to be planted three 
or four feet apart—varieties that under favorable conditions 
will throw out runners that will cover the ground the first sea- 
son—is undesirable. I also criticise the recommendation to set 
raspberries four feet apart. I would not set them nearer than 
seven feet apart, and I think if he would leave at least six or 
seven feet between the rows, that he would get a more satisfac- 
tory crop. 
Mr. Keel: In regard to Mr. Wilcox’s suggestion I would say 
that I only plant my red raspberries three and four feet apart; 
my black raspberries I plant seven feet apart. I think I can 
grow a good crop of red raspberries by planting them three 
and four feet apart. 
Mrs. A. A. Kennedy: I plant my rows seven feet apart,and 
when in bearing we cannot get through between them without 
knocking the berries off. 
