ORCHARDS, 257 
Mr. Tuttle, of Baraboo, Wis., reports to me as follows: ‘‘Have had 
three Hibernal in orchard fifteen years; they frequently bear two years 
after planting; they bear better than Duchess, my trees in orchard having 
borne good crops nine years in succession; do not blight more than Duch- 
ess, and are much hardier—probably the hardiest Russian; they keep till 
mid-winter; a better cooking apple than Duchess; have never grown the 
Lieby, but have seen the fruit, and think they are the same as Hibernal.” 
With the exception of three reports which will be given farther on, 
these are all of the older planters that I have been able to hear from. 
The following are from those whose experience and observation should be 
of value. 
Prof. Budd writes: ‘I have looked over our ledger record from many 
trial stations, and find both the Hibernal and Lieby, and four or five oth- 
ers of this family, perfect in tree, and regular and full bearers on varied 
soils, from the 41st to the 44th parallels. In sheltered spots, in low black 
soils, they have shown blighted twigs, but they are less subject to the 
disease than Duchess or any of the old list. Many do not agree that they 
are only fit for culinary use; if picked early and stored in a dark, coo] 
cellar, they are better in quality than Ben Davis in January, if the some- 
what astringent skin is removed. The proper rendering of the Russian 
name is Recumbent, and not Lieby, as given in the government list. The 
Am. Pomological Society has adopted: the name Recumbent, and we 
should unite on this name. The name is appropriate, as the tree when 
of bearing age is peculiarly recumbent in habit, while the Hibernal has 
amore rounded top. In fruit, the Recumbent differs in having more 
color, and many think it better in quality, and a better keeper at the 
North.” 
William Somerville, of Viola, Minn., writes: ‘I am thoroughly con- 
vinced that the Russian ay ples are what we shall have to depend upon in 
Minnesota. Our trees of the Hibernal are seven or eight years old. They 
do not bear quite as well as Duchess, yet are good bearers; do not blight 
more than Duchess, and I believe are more hardy and healthy; its good 
keeping quality will amply make up for its poor eating quality. I hold it 
as one of our best winter varieties. I think the Lieby a Jittle higher 
colored apple, and quite a little more acid than the Hibernal.” 
Mr. J. 8. Harris, of La Crescent, writes: ‘‘My knowledge of the variety 
has been gained by observing it with others rather than by actual exper- 
ience. In years past it has been almost impossible to get the trees, and I 
suppose the reason is because it does not make a nice nursery tree. In 
fact it is the hardest variety to make grow upright of any I ever got hold 
of. The Hibernal usually bears at six or seven years from root graft; do 
not think it as much inclined to overbear as Duchess, but from what I 
have seen of them I think them liberal bearers; they do not blight more 
than Duchess; and all the trees-I have seen are more hardy and healthy. 
I think they will be profitable as a market apple. The Hibernal and 
Lieby may be distinct varieties, and I presume they are, but most of the 
Lieby I have seen I believe to be Hibernal.” 
Prof. Green, Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, writes: ‘“‘Our trees 
of Hibernal were planted in 1887; have not borne fruit; have never 
blighted. I think they are hardier and healthier than Duchess; we have 
Ne 
