264 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
we have Yellow Transparent, Tetofsky, Duchess, White Pigeon, Charla? 
moff, Peach, and others. For fall and early winter, Wealthy, Noble 
Red Streaked, Autumn Streaked, all of the Anis family, Enormous and 
Gilbert. For winter, Longfield, Red Queen, Repka, Silken Leaf, Anto- 
novka, Lieby, Malinda, and others. I would not hesitate a moment to 
put out any amount of any of these varieties, on favorable locations, as 
far as hardiness of the trees is concerned, but in regard to profit they 
differ greatly, both in productiveness and quality. Of the summer vari- 
eties, the Duchess. Yellow Transparent and Gilbert are among the best 
and most productive; and of the fall and winter, the Longfield, Wealthy 
and Malinda are about the best I am growing. The Longfield is my fav- 
orite—it bears young and at least one-third more than any other apple 
tree, and at the same time makes a good growth. 
I have a row of this kind top-worked on Orange crab stock 10 years ago, 
that for the last five or six years have been loaded with fruit to their ut- 
most capacity, and are again loaded with fruit buds for another crop. It 
is a good market fruit that will always bring a fair price. 
The winter of 1884-85, that wrought so much. destruction to the orch- 
ards all over Minnesota, was without doubt one of the hardest we ever 
had, or we hope we ever will have, and yet the apples that you see before 
you in my collection, were all picked from trees that came through 
those winters and are every year bearing me a paying crop. 
We have,according to my Opinion,some varieties that have been neglect- 
ed--for instance the Malinda--and I am glad to see that our Lowa brothers 
are taking it up and giving it the attention it deserves. I have some 
Malinda trees in my orchard that are 25 or more years old; they are yet in 
good condition, and are each year giving me a good crop of winter fruit; 
last season I picked about fifteen bushels from each tree. The majority 
of my apple trees are top-worked on some hardy crab stock, and I find 
that they are healthier and hardier than rcot-grafted trees. In the spring 
I shall be prepared to plant out a little orchard for experimenting with 
the new and old Russians and some seedlings. They will all be top-worked 
on some of the hardiest crab apple stock such as Virginia, Whitney, and 
Transcendent; a couple of trees of a kind. I have now about 160 varieties 
of scions for that purpose, and would like to have some more if I knew 
where to get them. 
In conclusion I will say, that I see no reason why every farmer in Min- 
nesota should not have an orchard that would furnish his family with a 
supply of apples,at least six months of the year, with the varieties we now 
have at our command; and with the good work our experimental stations 
are doing, we can, and ought to raise our own apples, better in fact, than 
those we now get from eastern and southern states. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr. Dartt: I would like to ask Mr. Keel if we understood 
him right when he said that he recommended the use of tarred 
paper wrapped around the trunks of his trees? 
Mr. Keel: Yes, we use it a good deal down there, but we use 
cloth more than anything else. We use a kind of a gunny- 
sacking. 
