ORCHARDS. 271 
Vice-President Wedge: We are very glad indeed to have 
Mr. Mitchell with us, and I am sure we are all very grateful to 
him for his interesting and instructive talk. 
Mr. Smith: Iam running about over the country nearly all 
of the time. Last October I noticed Mr. Mitchell’s trees, and 
I may say that I was very happily disappointed in them when 
I came to see them. I believe they were the finest looking lot 
of trees that I have ever seen in the northwest. I had always 
been a little skeptical so far as the Hibernal is concerned, un- 
til I visited his grounds and saw his treés, but I now consider 
him justified, after examining the trees, in recommending them 
as he has. Some of the trees were sixteen years old. and more 
than that, it would seem almost incredible to some of you if 
gou were told what an unfavorable location they were placed 
in, on the side of a hill sloping to the southwest. SolIhavecon- 
cluded that Mr. Mitchell was justified in so highly recommend- 
ing those trees. It would pay any of you who are interested 
in this matter, if you can do so, to visit his grounds and see 
those trees, for they are well worth looking at. 
Mr. Underwood: Was the orchard cultivated or not? 
Mr. Mitchell: Part of the orchard has been in a horse pas- 
ture since 1884. That winter killed out the trees there in that 
nursery, and I discarded it for that purpose and let it run into 
a horse pasture. Part of the trees are in there and the others 
are now standing among the six year-old trees. Some of them 
stand on-sandy loam and some on limestone sub-soil, and the 
trees in the north end stand on a light colored sandy soil with 
a quicksand under it. 
QUESTION BOX. 
1. Isa tree on its own roots hardier than when grafted? 
Mr. Brand: There are numerous instances where grafted 
varieties have done better than the original seedlings from 
which they were grafted. I refer, in proof of this, to the 
Wealthy and the Minnesota. The original tree of the Minne- 
sota never produced more than one bushel and a half in any 
one year, while there are numerous instances of grafted Minne- 
sotas producing as high as three or four bushels in a year. 
The original tree of the Wealthy, developed under the most 
favorable conditions during a period when we were raising 
Flemish Beauty pears, and more than one hundred varieties of 
grafted apples, never produced as much fruit as grafted trees 
of the Wealthy, developed under less favorable conditions. 
