ORCHARDS. 273 
own roots, and come into bearing sooner, and produce better 
crops of fruit, than if they were grafted. 
2. Which is the most promising Russian cherry to experi- 
ment with on the western border of the state in latitude 45? 
Mr. Cook: I cannot recommend any, even for trial. Some 
of them have proven quite hardy, but they make a slow growth, 
being now only two feet high. I know of none that I can recom- 
mend for trial. 
3. What is the best Russian pear for planting in 45 degrees 
north latitude? 
Vice-President Wedge: The best pear I have is the 392 
Kruskaye. 
Mr. Cook: I have a few varieties at my place. I have four 
or five varieties I think are as hardy as the 392; among them 
are the Tonkevitcha, Victoria, Gascova and the Lemon. 
4. Are two year old seedling mulberries worth trying to pro- 
pagate for the fruit, and if so, how would you transplant and 
cultivate? 
Mr. Ludlow: It is a question in my mind whether any kind 
of mulberry is worth propagating for the fruit. My experience 
has made me a little doubtful. My first fruit was about the size 
of dried peas, but gradually they have grown larger, until last 
year I had some trees that had some fruit half an inch long on 
them. They bore so heavily that when it dropped off the fruit 
was at least half an inch deep all over the ground, and I had to 
turn the hogs in to clean it off. The mulberry is more valuable 
to feed birds than anything else. 
Mr. Cutts: What time of year did they ripen? 
Mr. Ludlow: About the same time as currants. 
Mr. Cutts: Then they would not help the grapes any? 
Mr. Ludlow: No, but they help the cherries and fruits of 
that kind. I think they are more valuable as a hedge plant 
than anything else. I thought I had lost money enough on them 
when I had spent $25 to get mine started, but I have a hedge 
alongside my lot that I would not take $100 for now. They 
grow very rapidly. 
5. Is the European Prunis patis a better fruit than our 
choke-cherry? 
Prof. Green: I think not, if you mean by the choke-cherry 
he black choke cherry 
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