284 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
vere to leave vines uncovered, and it will pay to cover them either with 
dirt, manureor slough hay. Straw with chaff or grain left in it attracts 
mice. Cover with dirt or manure 3 to 6inches. Fire-fanged or heated 
horse manure makes a good covering, but unheated horse manure should 
not be used as a covering: it is liable to heat around the buds and start 
them prematurely, and thus kill or weaken them. Do not uncover too 
early in the spring, and especially do not tie to the trellis until danger 
from frosts is past. When the new canes first start from the bud they 
are very tender, and the canes should be tied to the trellis before they 
have grown too far, or they are liable to be broken. off. When vines are 
covered with manure it can be left on the ground,and thoroughly working 
it into the ground is beneficial. Grapes will do well on our rich western 
soil, but they do better if ¢he ground is heaviiy manured with thoroughly 
rotted barnyard manure, or ashes. Grapes are great feeders. 
TRELLIS. 
Were it not for the manner in which the vine grows, when trained to a 
stake, spreading out in all directions, making it difficult to lay it down 
flat on the ground for the purpose of covering it for winter, I should 
think favorably of this mode of training it. It isa cheap and convenient 
way of training and has many advantages, especially allowing a free cir- 
culation of heat and air, and the swaying of the vines when the wind 
blows prevents germs of mildew from finding a lodging place so easily. I 
ae 
PCC 
Reni ac. 
aave wapIer 
suggest a kind of trellis which I think has many advantages. It is 
divided into sections of nine feet each. Each section has two posts nine feet 
apart, six feet high, with a slat two inches wide connecting the posts on 
top, with four wires fourteen inches apart, the lower one fourteen inches 
from the ground and fastened with small staples to the posts. The slat 
keeps the posts in position and the wires tight. The sections are five 
feet apart in the row and the rows eight feet apart. Two vines seven 
feet apart are set in each section one a foot inside of each post, and 
trained towards each other. This arrangement permits thorough 
cultivation between the rows lengthwise, and crosswise bétween the 
sections, and the airand heat can circulate freely in all directions. In 
ale Pa 
