GRAPES. 285 
picking grapes and trimming vines it is convenient, and the two vines in 
one section can be laid side by side for the purpose of winter covering. 
The rows should run north and south, if conyenient, because the vines 
then get the forenoon and afternoon sun; whereas if the rows run east 
and west only the south side of the vines get the sun. There is another 
advantage derived from this kind of a trellis. I have learned from ex- 
perience that some vines like the Eldoradc, Brighton, Lindley, (Rogers’ 
No. 9) and some other of the Rogers vines, need fertilizing from the pol- 
len of other vines like the Duchess, Pocklington, Belinda, -Antoinette 
and Concord, and by planting one of these vines at one end of the sec- 
tion, and then the Eldorado, Brighton or Lindley at the other end, let- 
ting the two vines run together, we get very satisfactory results, the 
bunches filling out well and compact. 
I suggest to some of my grape growing friends to try this kind of a 
trellis and report results. It is not expensive,and can be enlarged or 
lessened in size, and still retain its form and convenience. 
HARDINESS OF THE GRAPE. 
A great deal has been said and written about the hardiness of the vine, 
but I have never read any statement in regard to the hardiness of the 
fruit or grape itself. For several years I have watched this point, and 
find that the Duchess grape will stand 8 to 10 degrees lower temperature 
than the Concord or Worden. The latter grape is very thin-skinned and 
is more easily exposed to frost than any other variety which I have. In 
the fall of 1891, with a temperature of 24° above zero, the Duchess was 
not seriously affected. Agawam and Lindley are nearly equal to Duchess 
in this respect, and are quite good after rather severe frosts. The same 
may be said of the Delaware. With all its merits the Worden is unfit to 
eat after our first frosts. 
This is quite an important matter,and I hope careful tests wil] here- 
after be made and full reports given. A grape that will withstand most 
of our frosts until the fore part of October, is certainly much more valu- 
able than one that is seriously injured by the frosts that sometimes come 
in the fore part of September. What have other members of this society 
to say upon this question? 
DISEASES, 
For mildew use sulphur freely, and for black rot I cannot say, unless it 
is the mixtures recommended by the Agricultural Department at Wash- 
ington. In seasons of hot, muggy weather mildew has appeared upon 
Brighton and Rogers 3, 9, 15, and seriously affected them. Only in three 
seasons has the black rot appeared, and then upon Concord, Rogers 33 
and 15. It was partial on Rogers 33 and 15 in the season of 1891. [I re- 
moved the grapes affected as soon as this disease appeared, and a fair pro- 
portion of the other grapes on these vines ripened well. Mildew seems to. 
be freely developed during frequent showers or where there are heavy 
dews and fogs. Certain spores or germs of fungi then seem to rise from 
the ground and, floating in the air, lodge on the leaves, berries and young 
shoots, and develop and spread with great rapidity, if where rain or 
moisture comes in contact with them. It seems to be a well established 
fact that vines and grapes grown under cover are never attacked with 
mildew. The trellis which I have described in this article could be 
