380 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
pound and lime 30 cents per bushel. In all cases it is desirable to use 
powdered copper sulphate, as it costs but little more, and dissolves much 
more readily. It is highly important also that fresh lime be used. 
It will be seen by those familiar with former suggestions made by the 
Department that the strength of this mixture has been diminished one- 
half. It was found as the result of experiments made in 1891, that a 
mixture of this strength, and even much weaker, gave practically as good 
results as the old formula, which required 6 pounds of copper sulphate and 
4 pounds of lime to 22 gallons of water. 
2.—AMMONIACAL SOLUTION OF COPPER CARBONATE. 
In an ordinary water pail mix 5 ounces of copper carbonate with enough 
water to make a thick paste. Dissolve this paste in 3 pints of strong 
aqua ammonia; then dilute to 45 gallons. If 3 pints of ammonia are 
not sufficient to dissolve all the paste, add enough to bring about this re- 
sult. Copper carbonate occurs in the market in the form of a fine green- 
ish powder. The retail price is usually 60cents per pound. Aqua ammo- — 
nia having a strength of 26° retails at 8cents per pound. Upon this basis 
1 gallon of the ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate will cost 1 cent. 
In view of the fact that copper carbonate is sometimes difficult to ob- 
tain, the following directions for manufacturing it are given: 
In a half barrel, or some similar vessel, dissolve 3 pounds of copper: 
sulphate in 2 gallons of hot water. In another vessel dissolve 3+ pounds 
of common washing soda,or sal soda,in 1 gallon of hot water. When cool 
pour the second solution slowly into the first; then as soon as all action 
has ceased add enough water to bring the whole up to 8 or 10 gallons,and 
stir thoroughly. In twenty-four hours pour off the clear liquid, taking 
care not to disturb the sediment. Add fresh water and stir again. 
Again allow the solution to stand twenty-four hours, pour off the clear 
liquid as before; then remove the sediment, which is copper carbonate. 
Prepared in this way there is formed 114 pounds of copper carbonate at 
an expense for materials of approximately 18 cents per pound. The cop- 
per carbonate paste may be immediately dissolved in aqua ammonia, 
using two gallons of the latter, or as much as may be necessary for the 
purpose. This concentrated fluid should be kept in well corked jugs,and 
when ready for use should be diluted at the rate of 1 pint to 12 gallons of 
water. 
3.—EAU CELESTE. 
Dissolve 2 pounds of copper sulphate in 8 gallons of water. Whencom- | 
pletely dissolved add 3 pints of strong ammonia and dilute to 45 gallons, 
Prepared in this way the solution will cost about two-thirds of a cent 
per gallon. 
4.—MODIFIED EAU CELESTE. 
Dissolve 4 pounds of copper sulphate in 10 or 12 gallons of water and 
~ 
stir in 5 pounds of washing or sal soda; then add three pints of strong - 
aqua ammonia and dilute to45gallons. The cost will be 12 cents pe1 
gallon. 
HOW AND WHEN TO SPRAY. 
It should always be borne in mind that no hard and fast rules can be 
laid down for work of this kind, Frequently the fruit-grower will have 
to use his own judgment, especially as regards the number of sprayings 
