FORESTRY. 151 



few who put out white ash and black walnut are now happy, for groves of 

 white ash which were put out on high rolling prairie seemed to make a 

 better growth the dry seasons than they ever had before; and where the 

 nuts of black walnuts were planted five years ago, just at the commence- 

 ment of the dry seasons, the trees are now from two and one-half to three 

 inches in diameter; and where they were planted fifteen years ago, they 

 have been bearing nuts for ten years and are twelve inches in diameter. 

 Every year increases the number of farmers who decide to have a black 

 walnut grove, as well as a white ash; something that will not blow 

 down, nor dry up. 



Elm trees also are doing finely here after they get started. I saw 

 some last year that made a growth by actual measurement of seven 

 feet and two inches, and yet those, same trees when three years old 

 from the seed did not average more than knee high, which is 

 the objection to them, for the average farmer will not keep trees clean 

 three years, and the grass overruns them and he plants something else. 



NATIONAL FORESTRY. 



HOX. ABBOTT KINNEY, LAMANBA PABK, CAL. 



[TLe following paper was prepared for the late annual meeting of the Minnesota 

 Forestry Association.] 



National forestry is based upon two grounds: First, the advantage of 

 maintaining forest production by the control of forests by an undying cor- 

 poration, like the state. Under this head come the prevention of waste, 

 the prevention of fire, the regulation of ripe timber cutting and provision 

 for the reproduction of the most useful forest growths. 



The forest management, with this object alone, would also have to ar- 

 range for the exploitation of all the resources of forest lands other than 

 forest products themselves. These interests would comprise water devel- 

 opments, reservoirs, mines, quarries, game, fish, travelers for health or 

 pleasure, and, in places, pasture. The object of regulating the last uses 

 of forest lands would not be to curtail or vex them, but to prevent useless 

 waste and destruction of the forests by carelessness and fire. The reason 

 that national forest management is advantageous to secure a continued 

 supply of lumber and other forest products, is that private or even state 

 management cannot give a uniform system or a uniform protection, nor 

 consider the forests from any better point than a narrow and purely in- 

 dividual or local one. Thus, in individual or state ownership a good sj's- 

 tem adjoining an indifEerent or a bad one would be constantly subjected 

 to the dangers of trespass, depredations and fire, growing out of the latter. 

 So also a system in regard to some particular forest product, like tar, 

 might be good policy, give returns and maintain product, if uniform and 

 general, while it might and probably would be both costly and useless, if 

 individual or local. 



Besides this, a national system would necessarily consider the forest 

 from a wide and general view as to locayty, product and time. As to lo- 

 cality, a national system would consider, for instance, the interests of 

 Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, and all the states upon the water system 

 heading in Dakota. An individual system would not consider such inter- 

 ests at all. A Dakota system would only consider Dakota, and pay no heed to 



