304 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



using the cheaper kind of hay. In burying one man starts a 

 trench, and two men lay the vines down, bending the shoots as 

 close to the ground as possible, nearly all of the covering being 

 done by two horses and a plow. I use a 14-inch plow that 

 runs very shallow, having a man follow it with a shovel. I 

 believe I would like to try a special plow, and plow as deep as 

 possible, setting our vines low. By commencing this system of 

 cultivation the vines will get to run pretty deep anyway. Of 

 course, I should be a little afraid to go into an old vineyard 

 and plow it, if it never had been plowed. 



Dr. Frisselle: How deep do you aim to cover them? 



Mr. Cutts: Three or four inches, so that the wind will not 

 blow it off in the winter. 



Dr. Frisselle : How much do you think it costs to put down ^ 

 the vine? 



Mr. Cutts: About one-half cent a pound. It won't cost you 

 that — it does not average that. It does not cost any more to 

 trim them here than in Ohio or Pennsylvania. It will not cost 

 you after ohe trimming one-half cent a pound, and the fruit 

 will surely repay it. 



Dr. Frisselle: I think one-half cent a pound would double it. 



Mr. Cutts: Yes, I think it would more than do it. 



Dr. Frisselle: Do you prefer yearlings or two year-olds? 



Mr. Cutts: I prefer two-year-olds, although some yearlings 

 are nearly as good as two year-olds. 



Mr. Brackett: I would like to ask which the members pre- 

 fer starting, two arms or one. My vineyard, when I started it, 

 had arms running both ways, and the fork above the 

 ground. Consequently, when you put them down, a great many 

 of them would split right in the center. I started a new growth, 

 and still maintained the principle of having two vines, but 

 started them below the surface of the ground, and find they 

 bend easier that way, but still break off. I should think for 

 that reason that one vine would be better. In case I started a 

 new vineyard myself, I would prefer that system. 



Mr. Cutts : It is not more than half the work in covering. 



Mr. Wedge: I will say that one of the great bugbears in 

 grape raising is summer pruning, which I have practiced with 

 some care, although I am doing less of it every year. In my 

 visits to the vineyards of northern Iowa, none of which are 

 very extensive, few of them comprising an acre or more, I 

 saw they practiced very little summer pruning, almost none at 

 all. It seems to be in general disfavor. I did not go to the 



