58 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. 



are sprouting out. We transplanted with certain success along these lines, 

 magnolia and other things. I can also cite an example in Washington. 

 They have a nursery for street planting only and I was told some 3^ears 

 ago by the gentleman in charge that they could never successfully trans- 

 plant an American poplar. This is not an evergreen, but it seems to make 

 the same demand as evergreens. He says they have no trouble now, if 

 they transplant at the time it is sprouting out. 



Mr. Sicbrecht — Talking about excessive moisture, there is an ex- 

 ample. The tree wants to be handled like an evergreen. If you take il 

 at just the time the bud is swelling, you can transplant any size of tree, 

 but you take it too early or too late, and you lose every time. Speaking 

 about the excessive moisture and cracking of the bark in trees, I want 

 to say just a word. I have found in my nursery — I have got all kinds 

 and conditions of soil, upland and sandy soil and flat land and heavy 

 soil — the heavy soil I must not cultivate late in the fall. There is plenty 

 of moisture there. There is too much. I planted trees last winter, and 

 many of them cracked up and down. That was late in the season, and 

 too much evaporation took place, more than the body could contain, and 

 the bark split. With the N'orway maples, it was the same way: of those 

 upon the high ground and the hillside, not one suffered, although 

 they are not so luxuriant and the growth is slower, but the foliage was 

 heavy. There is no cracking, either with the Norway maples, linden trees 

 and plane trees. I find we have to study the conditions of the atmosphere 

 and the ground and the locations for the different kinds of trees, and where 

 it is a dry climate, with the climatic conditions on the dry side, late 

 cultivation might be very well to give the tree all the condensation and 

 the moisture you can. On the other hand, where it is very moist and wet, 

 leaving it alone, letting the tree mature and letting it have its own way 

 iii a good thing; and then it can stand the winter in a dormant or semi- 

 dormant condition. 



Mr. Munsoii — I think a portion of this question is a matter of 

 evaporation and condensation. I have had an experience of that kind. 

 For example, the transplanting of the magnolia, one of the most difficult 

 trees to plant if the foliage is left upon it, but by clipping the foliage 

 off, they can be transplanted almost as easily as beech trees. It is true 

 that evaporation enters into that problem, but why does it not transplant 

 as readily as arbor vitje at that season? 



Mr. Siebrecht — You have got too much moisture to take care of. 

 My observation leads me to this conclusion ; that the magnolia and most 

 of the evergreens are very slow in starting to feed the roots. It takes 

 a larger amount of temperature to start the new roots to feeding, and 

 ^ou have got the tree loose from the soil and it cannot make feeding 

 roots quickly enough, so in the meantime the evaporation from the foliage 

 exhausts the tree. We take that evaporation away so that it can stand 

 long enough for the roots to form and then it can feed and it is all right. 

 II you want to transplant a tree in full foliage so as to make a showing 



