132 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. 



Of course the Rutaceee, the orange family, present few spe- 

 cies which are hardy in our climate. Notable examples of hardy 

 forms are Ptelea trifoliata and Xanthoxylum americanum. The 

 trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, is just on the borderland, and 

 in this vicinity needs a sheltering hedge for pretection to make 

 it at all permanent. 



The boxes, Buxus, do not stand wxll in exposed places. 

 While some of the forms of the common box^ Buxus semper- 

 virens, are better than others, they all do much better when in a 

 protected situation. 



To the Anacardiace?e belong the sumacs, the genus Rhus. 

 J\Iany of these are perfectly satisfactory, including, of course, 

 our native species, R. hirta, R. glabra, and R. copallina. The 

 Chinese R. Osbeckii is especially desirable for foliage effects, 

 owing to its entire hardiness. 



The holly family, Ilicaceae, has some species which are hardy. 

 The Japanese Ilex crenata has proved a most desirable plant 

 with us, even in exposed situations, its dark rich green leaves 

 remaining all winter. Ilex opaca, the American holly, does bet- 

 ter when protected, not taking kindly to a wind-swept area. The 

 English holly is, of course, out of the question here. 



The Celastraceai present a varied lot as to hardiness. Eu- 

 onymus alatus, from China and Japan, is very desirable, both 

 from its beauty and from its ability to stand successfully the 

 rigors of our climate. E. europaeus and the American E. atro- 

 purpureus are both available. E. japonicus, from southern 

 Japan, as might be expected, is not hardy in exposed situations, 

 requiring considerable protection, while E. radicans, from the 

 middle and northern portions of the same country, can be relied 

 upon. 



Stuartia pentagyna, from the southern mountains, really 

 needs the protection of a hedge to be a success, and S. Pseudo- 

 camellia, from Japan, is no more hardy. 



The Oleacese furnish many things which are hardy, the 

 privets as a rule being among this class. The California privet, 

 Ligustrum ovalifolium, was for years considered hardy, but the 

 winter of 1903-1904 proved its Waterloo, plants during that 

 period being killed entirely to the ground in exposed situations, 



