OBSERVATIONS ON HARDINESS. 139 



most other conifers. Among' the white pines, Pinus excelsa, of 

 the Himalayan region, growing at an elevation of between 6,000 

 to 12,500 feet, is perhaps the best. Its leaves are longer and 

 more graceful than are those of our own white pine, Pinus 

 Strobus, and it is less subject to disease. Pinus Koraiensis, the 

 Corean white pine, and said also to grow in Japan and China, 

 is a rather slow grower, but perfectly hardy. Pinus parviflora, 

 ascending the mountains to about 5,000 feet in central and south- 

 ern Japan, thrives well here, and is desirable where a slow-grow- 

 ing tree is wanted. Pinus Cembra, of central and northern Eu- 

 rope, and Pinus Pence, of jMacedonia and Roumelia, are both 

 hardy but slow growers. 



Among the red pines, Pinus Thunbergii, of Japan, and 

 also said to occur in north China and Corea, rivals Pinus Aus- 

 triaca in hardiness. It much resembles it in general shape. An- 

 other desirable Japanese pine is Pinus clensiflora, of central 

 Hondo, where it grows among deciduous trees at an elevation 

 of 3,000 to 4.000 feet. Pinus Laricio, P. Austriaca, and P. Pal- 

 lasiana, of the mountains of southern Europe, the latter two 

 often considered but as varieties of the first, stand well here. 

 Pinus Banksiana, P. montana ]\Iughus, P. pungens, P. resinosa, 

 P. rigida, and P. sylvestris all thrive. Pinus ponderosa is not 

 really at home, at least the plants we have, some six or seven, 

 are not vigorous. Pinus Taeda is barely hardy in sheltered 

 places, the young growths often killing back. 



Cedrus Deodara, growing in the Himalayan region at eleva- 

 tions of 3,500 to 12.000 feet, barely survives, although Pinus 

 excelsa, with which it is said to be associated in Cashmere, is 

 perfectly hardy. We have plants in the pinetum which came to 

 us in 1900 and which are still small, showing a tendency to kill 

 to the snow line in severe winters. Cedrus Atlantica, from the 

 Atlas Mountains, where it ranges between elevations of 4,000 

 to 6,000 feet, is much better adapted to this climate. Here we 

 have an interesting case of , two species of the same genus, in 

 practically the same latitude, about 32° north, one in the north- 

 western part of Africa, the other in the northeastern part of 

 India, the African species being much more hardy in this cli- 



