l'.l'i IV- (■.UNKKllKNC.K l\TKl;N\Tln\M.K f)K cLNÉTIOI'K. 



mjide l(_v WiiiUler. Baiir, lilc. as rc^aids llic liislology of llieir pioiliiclioii : llicy 

 arc however, uiiimportanl from llie praclical point of view. and llie slalcnicnl 

 Uiat llie stock may proloundlv influence (lie grafl, and reciprocally. in many 

 cases, does nol resl on évidence derived from tlicse cxceptional cases^: il inusl 

 also be recognised tlial tliese piicnomcna require furllier sludy licforc llicy can 

 receive a definite inlerprclalion. 



ôrd. Pulling on one side llicsc rare cases, il remains lo enquiie wlicllicr 

 liie grafi alone developes, wiiicli is tiie gênerai rule, or whelher sliools arise 

 also on Ihe stock (mixed grafling), whicli occurs very ol'ten experimcnlally and 

 also in the course of ordinary culture, eilher in conséquence ol' negieci, or 

 inlenlionally (as in Irees gral'led on stocks of wliicli the buds bave nol been 

 removed, re-grafling of pears, hedgcs of bawlborn grafled on Medlars, elc ) 



4lh. The characters of the variations observed sbould be carefuUy dislin- 

 guished. They may l)e morphological (analomical or organographic biologi- 

 cal, chemical, patbological, and leralological. The inleresling and oflen 

 quoted organoleplic properties are due lo chemical chai-aclers which may or 

 may nol be connecled wilh analomical fealures. 



Mil. Among Ihe al)ove menlioned characters. some are subjecl lo quan- 

 titative variation, due lo the climale, soil or cullural opérations, etc. (chemical 

 consliUilion, flavour, vigour, ])o\ver of résistance to disease). and lliesc 

 variations may occur with or wilhoul grafling. Other characters are fixed and 

 serve lo dislinguish species and varielies (certain morphological and chemical 

 characters:) to thèse spécial attention musl be paid wben asexual hybridization 

 is concerned. 



Oth. The phenomenon of asexual hylnidi/alion, if il exisls, is nol necessarily 

 bound up wilh Ihat reciprocal spécifie influence of the stock and graCL as 

 underslood by M. Daniel (a vigourous stock giving rise lo slrong gro^\lll in 

 the graft,or a weak stock alTording poor nourishmenl to a vigourous gral't, etc.). 



There is thus reason for separating spcciftc varinlions or variations concer- 

 ning the essential characters of species and varieties, which if they appeared 

 in the graft, would be due lo asexual hybridization, from Ihose olher varia- 

 tions, spécifie or nol, oflen named nutritive variations, and which are due to 

 modifications of the nutritive funclions arising from the evidenlly abnormal 

 developmenl, especially in the early stages, of stock and graft. 



Whh thèse variations which owe their origin to grafling, musl be includcd 

 Ihose which, whelher of internai or exlernal origin, may occur also in plants 

 which are not grafled, and which belong to a pure race. Il may be questioned 

 whelher thèse latter variations arc not more fréquent in the case of grafts, 

 Ihan in plants nol grafled, but il is impossible al the présent lime to answer 

 the question in the affirmative. 



7 th. Expérience and not analogy is necessary in the majority of cases, in 

 order to define the nature, extent and frequency of the variations of the graft. 

 Those discussions in which the re-constitution of the vineyards by grafling is 

 urged would be calmer and clearer if this observation could be borne in mind, 

 and if Ihose dislin<'lions were niadc which hâve aiready been menlioned aliove. 



8 th. In ail thaï preceeds there has only been question of the dirrci and 

 reciprocal influence of stock and graft ; il is this side of the question which 

 interests the horlicullurist and flic cultivalor of vines. But llicri' is another 

 ])oint lo be considered, as has been \\(>ll slmw by ("alianis al Ihe end of Ihe 



