STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 57 
enough but for garden culture; the spade and trenching must be 
resorted to. 
Mr. Tibbitts said he always covered his grape vines with earth 
for winter protection, and that he had never yet lost a crop. 
Whenever he had left the vines exposed, he had invariably lost 
a portion of them. He had not yet seen grapes flourish in Minne- 
sota without winter protection. 
MR. GREENMAN’'S PAPER. 
The Cultivation of Frwits a Necessity for the Northwest. 
Fruit long since ceased to be looked upon as a mere luxury for the few, and 
has come to be considered an essential article of food. It is hardly necessary to 
say that Minnesota and the entire northwest needs more of fruit as food. This 
want can never be fully supplied until we produce that supply at home. We 
are told that we may expect fruit from our orchard planting in from four to 
twelve years. Large numbers of trees and orchards have been planted in the 
northwest, for more than twice twelve years; and yet the supply is inadequate 
for the wants of the people. Lack of time then, is not the cause. But it lies 
deeper, and the remedy must be found in other directions. | With the introduc. 
tion of the ‘‘Ivon Clads”’ it was hopedthat the remedy had been found. The fierce 
winters of 72-73, and that of 75-76 and again in 79-80 many of the most Jvon of the 
Tryon clads went down before the polar waves and storms that swept over the coun- 
try. Thirty to forty below zero was reached many times during the winter of those 
years. Do we not find this a prolific cause of the failure in growing a full sup- 
ply of fruit for our people at home. The apple is the leading fruit, and should 
be used freely by every family. That apples costing from three to four dollars 
per barrel can be found upon the poor man’s table in constant supply is simply 
impossible. Looking over the experience of the past, can we expect a full sup- 
ply of home grown fruit from our orchards in the immediate future? Will we 
not find a remedy in encourrging the growing of the small fruits? Our trees 
must withstand the winter’s blasts, while the vine and the smaller fruit plants 
can be safely covered and placed beyond the reach of harm. It is for us to en- 
courage those who have already begun the work, and try to induce others to 
plant all the small fruits. Fifteen to twenty cents for grapes per lb., and twelve 
to twenty cents for the commercial quart of berries cannot find their way to the 
poor man’s table to any great extent. 
A few simple directions for planting and caring for these fruits will enable 
any one to grow them successfully. I will call your attention to one at this 
time, which will succeed here in an eminent degree. This is the grape. Here 
we have a fruit in great variety that is easily grown. Asa rule the grape will 
succeed in the northwest. Our diy climate is especially adapted to the growth 
and perfection of this fruit. But the grape must have winter protection. This 
to some is a serious objection. Compensation is found, however, during the 
growing season, in the immunity our climate gives from many of the scourges 
that attect the vine and its fruit, in those sections where winter protection is not 
required. Our native vines are comparatively free from rot and mildew. Our 
