82 ANNUAL REPORT. S 
ate struggle next summer with the gardeners for possession of the krout, for 
there is a great scarcity of birds with us this] winter to pick up any that are not 
hidden out of their reach. No certain remedy has yet been found for them, 
Dr. Fitch recommends as the most effectual means of destroying them, the em- 
ployment of children to capture the butterflies in a gauze net as they come 
around the cabbage patch, and entrapping the pupa under boards placed pur- 
posely near the plants, and elevated two or three inches above the earth. These 
boards should be examined every week and the pupa underneath destroyed, 
By this practice we saved our early and medium early cabbage from any seri- 
ous damage, but they came in upon us in such hordes from neighboring planta- 
tions, that they nearly ruined the late crop. Prof. A. J. Cook, entomologist of 
Michigan Pomological society, recommends in addition, for the early brood 
hand picking both of the small yellow eggs and later of the larva or caterpillar, 
also as a quicker method, to syringe the cabbage with a strong, hot solution ot 
whale oil soap. 
The Southern Cabbage Butterfly (Pieris protodice,) was also probably intro- 
duced by shipping in early cabbage from the South. It bears a striking resem- 
blance to the European, and feeds as voraciously but does not usually bore into 
the heart of the cabbage. The wings of the butterfly are nearly white, with 
much larger, longer and varied markings than the rapea, (we found some speci. 
mens fully halt black,) and the round black spots are not so distinctly marked. The 
larva is a green catterpillar and its transformations are similar to the other, and 
the same remedies would apply. 
The other caterpillar which I found described by Riley as (Plusia Crasice), 
eabbage plusia, was not noticed until about midsummer. It first attracted our 
attention by its somewhat larger size and disposition to be more alert than the 
others. A closer examination showed that beside the six true legs near the 
head, it had only six abdominal legs placed well back and therfore is a semi-lo- 
per or half span worm. When full grown it weaves a thin, long cocoon between 
the leaves of the plant upon which it is feeding, where it changes to a chrysalis, 
and in a few days there issues from it, not a butterfly, but a moth. ‘‘The moth 
has the fore wings dark gray, tinged with brown, with a bright, silvery interro- 
gation-like mark in the middle part of each wing. ‘The male differs from the 
female in having a tuft of golden hairs on each side of the abdomen toward the 
tip.”’ (Riley.) 
As I have rarely seen the moth flying in day time, I think it is nocturnal in 
its habits and therefore will be more difficult to capture when in its perfect state, 
therefore the remedy would be hand picking of the caterpillars and cocoons. 
Such destructive pests call for stringent measures for protection from every 
gardener, and it is to be hoped that a perfect remedy may result from some one 
of the many experiments tried. Among our bird friends, the quail would be the 
most efficient help, but as they are a game bird, sportsmen enter our fields and 
keep them nearly annihilated. 
I have never known the apple worm larva of the Codling Moth (Carpocapsa 
pomonella,) so destructive to our fruit as during the last year. The apples and 
crabs were so badly infested that more than one half of the crop fell to the 
ground before being fully ripe, and the remainder required considerable assort- 
ing to make it saleable. While it was noticeable that the fruit brought to our 
markets from Michigan was unusually fair and exempt from the worm, per- 
haps the short crop of the previous year had something to do with the exemp- 
