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26 ANNUAL REPORT. ' 
They also exhaust the moisture of the soil during the winter and 
thus contribute to winter killing of the trees. 
Mr. Jordon. 1 agree to that, but if you want fruit from both 
trees and vines and give good culture, nothing is better than to 
plant both together. When the trees come into bearing cut out 
the raspberries. 
Mr. Harris. Growing turnips or potatoes in the orchard is 
better. You cease to cultivate them before it gets late in the 
season, and do not encourage a late growth. 
Mr. Cook. Ido not recommend cultivating thistles and weeds. 
The raspberry vines also prevent injury to the trunks of the trees 
by the sun on the south side. They hold the snow and prevent 
root-killing. They yield a profit that pays for the trees and cul- 
tivation both. I give up the raspberries, however, when the trees 
come into bearing. There is no danger from mice if the raspber- 
ries are not planted too close to the trees. 
Mr. Dart. My hobby for a young orchard is to plant corn. 
Husk standing and leave the stalks to hold the snow. Itisa 
prime necessity to mulch the trees to insure against root-killing. 
Mulching is the only sure security. Grass sod and raspberry 
vines might, however, help. 
Rust. 
Mr. Harris. Is there any remedy for the ‘‘red rust’? men- 
tioned? The Doolittle is a failure because of this with us. 
Mr. Cook. Purdy says ashes around the bushes and sprinkled 
on the leaves when they are moist. 
Raspberries for a Family. 
Secretary. What area or how many feet of row should be. 
necessary to supply a family of five to ten persons ? 
Mr. Jordon. I would want 4+ acre; though from this I have 
sold $120.00 worth of fruit, besides canning and using fresh. . 
Mr. Harris. J would use the fruit from $ acre of Black Caps 
and 50 to 75 bushes of the red varieties. 
Mr. Clark. I keep about $ acre in raspberries for a family of 
10 persons. I agree with Mr. Jordon in clean and thorough 
cultivation. No small fruit requires so much and thorough cul- 
tivation as raspberries. Am surprised that nothing has been 
said concerning the Orange or Yellow Raspberry. I get more 
and better fruit from it than from any other. The old Purple 
Cane, under the best cultivation, gives as much fruit as the Turner 
